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11.
Dr. Katja Ferger 《Sportwissenschaft》2010,40(1):9-18
Sports science is predominantly understood as a theory aimed at practical application where sports performance and how it is influenced by sports training are central. The primary task of sports science is to develop technological regulations and prepare background knowledge for solving application problems in sports training. If one considers a theoretically reasoned training plan from this perspective, it is hardly possible according to the theory of sports science as it stands (Selujanov, 1999). The criticism expressed again and again is primarily orientated towards insufficient explanations and reasons for the selection of a certain training programme or the lack of reasons for selected load intensity and load duration as well as insufficient explanation for the athlete’s performance resulting from it. That means it is not possible to make exact statements about the impact of training over time, the right time for introducing it and the duration of its effect on performance. In the same way the identification of individual process models for training adaptations, i.e. combining training measures and individual performance development, are is an important research goal, both in terms of the theoretical and also the practical aspect of training (Tschiene, 1996; Tschiene, 1997). To be able to answer these questions, there are various ways of proceeding. With the goal of researching in detail basic phenomena of adjustment or effect of change in training adjustment, research in the last few years has been orientated increasingly towards time series analytical processes and antagonistic models. These processes are in a position to present or simulate the performance development of the individual as well as changes in the training. Both time series analytical processes and also antagonistic models (e. g. Performance-Potential-Model; PerPot), by an exact simulation of an individual’s training progress, allow for a prognosis of his performance development. For this both processes need differing inputs which quantify both daily training and also daily performance. The goal of this study is to represent the delayed dynamics of an individual adjustment process through time series analytical processes as well as at the same time to configure it through the PerPot-Model. This approach enables a static validation of the individual effect of the training and allows, in contrast to the classic pre-post measurements, an analysis of the intra-individual relationships and structures or more accurate analyses of the impact of training over time, the right time for introducing it and the duration of its effect on performance (Schmitz, 1989). Moreover, as part of the analysis of the present training and performance data, the prognostic quality of the process is tested and the currently differing parameters for judging the quality of the models and the prognoses associated with them are presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Katja Derr Reinhold Hübl Mohammed Zaki Ahmed 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2018,43(6):911-926
The article describes the development and evaluation of a web-based pre-course in mathematics, delivered to four cohorts of engineering students at a German university. Based on demographic, personal, and learning-related data relationships between students’ preconditions, their learning gains in the pre-course, and study success in the degree programme were analysed. The results support the existing literature in that domain-related prior knowledge and secondary school achievement play a dominant role regarding study success in engineering. The analyses also showed that the influence of cognitive predictors could only be compensated for by a strong learner engagement. At-risk students with high pre-course learning gains showed significantly better first-year performance. The number of self-tests a student attempted was positively related to pre-course learning gains and even to first-year performance, suggesting that this variable is a good indicator of student engagement. 相似文献
13.
As retrieval systems become more complex, learning to rank approaches are being developed to automatically tune their parameters. Using online learning to rank, retrieval systems can learn directly from implicit feedback inferred from user interactions. In such an online setting, algorithms must obtain feedback for effective learning while simultaneously utilizing what has already been learned to produce high quality results. We formulate this challenge as an exploration–exploitation dilemma and propose two methods for addressing it. By adding mechanisms for balancing exploration and exploitation during learning, each method extends a state-of-the-art learning to rank method, one based on listwise learning and the other on pairwise learning. Using a recently developed simulation framework that allows assessment of online performance, we empirically evaluate both methods. Our results show that balancing exploration and exploitation can substantially and significantly improve the online retrieval performance of both listwise and pairwise approaches. In addition, the results demonstrate that such a balance affects the two approaches in different ways, especially when user feedback is noisy, yielding new insights relevant to making online learning to rank effective in practice. 相似文献
14.
Maj-Britt Isberner Tobias Richter Johanna Maier Katja Knuth-Herzig Holger Horz Wolfgang Schnotz 《Instructional Science》2013,41(5):849-872
When reading conflicting science-related texts, readers may attend to cues which allow them to assess plausibility. One such plausibility cue is the use of graphs in the texts, which are regarded as typical of ‘hard science’. The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of the presence of graphs on the perceived plausibility and situation model strength for conflicting science-related texts, while including the influence of readers’ amount of experience with scientific texts and graphs as a potential moderator of these effects. In an experiment mimicking web-based informal learning, 77 university students read texts on controversial scientific issues which were presented with either graphs or tables. Perceived plausibility and situation model strength for each text were assessed immediately after reading; reader variables were assessed several weeks prior to the experiment proper. The results suggest that graphs can indeed serve as plausibility cues and thus boost situation model strength for texts which contain them. This effect was mediated by the perceived plausibility of the information in the texts with graphs. However, whether readers use graphs as plausibility cues in texts with conflicting information seems to depend also on their amount of experience with scientific texts and graphs. 相似文献
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Marjo Markkula Marius Tico Bemmu Sepponen Katja Nirkkonen Eero Sormunen 《Information Retrieval》2001,4(3-4):275-293
Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) algorithms have been seen as a promising access method for digital photograph collections. Unfortunately, we have very little evidence of the usefulness of these algorithms in real user needs and contexts. In this paper, we introduce a test collection for the evaluation of CBIR algorithms. In the test collection, the performance testing is based on photograph similarity perceived by end-users in the context of realistic illustration tasks and environment. The building process and the characteristics of the resulting test collection are outlined, including a typology of similarity criteria expressed by the subjects judging the similarity of photographs. A small-scale study on the consistency of similarity assessments is presented. A case evaluation of two CBIR algorithms is reported. The results show clear correlation between the subjects' similarity assessments and the functioning of feature parameters of the tested algorithms. 相似文献
17.
Katja Uhlig Bj?rn Boysen Andreas Lankenau Magnus Jaeger Erik Wischerhoff Jean-Fran?ois Lutz André Laschewsky Claus Duschl 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(2)
Thermoresponsive polymer surface coatings are a promising tool for cell culture applications. They allow for a mild way of cell detachment that preserves the activity of membrane proteins—a prerequisite for reliable cell analysis. To enlarge the application range of these coatings to cells with different adhesion properties, we synthesized various novel poly(ethylene glycol)-based thermoresponsive polymers and describe how (i) their chemical structure and (ii) their surface density affect their efficiency. In order to quantify the influence of both factors, the time for cell spreading and rounding efficiency were observed. As a result, efficiency of cell rounding, which is closely correlated to cell detachment, is less affected by both factors than the time needed for cell spreading. This time can effectively be adjusted by the molecular architecture which includes the length of the polymer backbone and the side chains. Based on this work, recommendations are given for future optimization of functionality of thermoresponsive polymer coatings for cell culture applications. 相似文献
18.
Katja Brøgger 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2014,12(4):520-541
The Bologna Process is one of the most extensive examples of policy borrowing processes. Based on qualitative data, this article argues in favour of studying part of this process as ‘global smallness’, centring on the organisational effects of the implementation of a globalised curriculum. Through Derrida's notion on hauntology, Fenwick and Edward's analysis of multiple reals, and Barad's understanding of entanglement and time, this article explores how the implementation processes evoke simultaneously existing worlds of practices propelled by the agency of the past troubling present higher education reform. Finally, this article addresses how ongoing reforms tend to increase the stretch between ‘what is performed on the outside’ and ‘what is practiced on the inside’. 相似文献
19.
Katja Tervahartiala Saara Nolvi Susanna Kortesluoma Juho Pelto Sirpa Hyttinen Niina Junttila Annarilla Ahtola Hasse Karlsson Linnea Karlsson 《Child development》2021,92(1):408-424
The association between child temperament characteristics and total diurnal saliva cortisol in 84 children (M = 2.3 years, SD = 0.6) attending out-of-home, center-based child care and 79 children (M = 2.0 years, SD = 0.5) attending at-home parental care was examined. Saliva samples were collected during two consecutive days, that is, Sunday and Monday, with four samples taken per day. While children higher in surgency had higher total diurnal cortisol production, we did not find evidence that temperament moderated the associations between child-care context and total diurnal cortisol. Negative affectivity and effortful control were not related to cortisol output. Our findings suggest that temperamental surgency may be associated with higher total cortisol production in early childhood across child-care settings. 相似文献
20.
Dorien Jansen Katja Petry Eva Ceulemans Saskia van der Oord Ilse Noens Dieter Baeyens 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2017,32(1):35-53
AbstractStudents with ADHD struggle in higher education as a result of various functioning and participation problems. However, there are remaining gaps in the literature. First, it remains unclear how often and during which teaching and evaluation methods problems arise. Second, we do not yet know which reasonable accommodations are most effective to deal with the functioning. And third, we do not know which accommodations are most effective to address participation problems of students with ADHD in higher education. This study addresses these three gaps in literature. In total, 86 students with ADHD, 42 student counsellors and 86 students without a disability participated in a survey-based study. The results show that students with ADHD most frequently experience problems with sustaining and focusing attention and it is demonstrated that most problems arise during classical teaching or evaluation methods. Finally, the perception of the effectiveness of reasonable accommodations is strongly dependent on which problems students experience in higher education. These findings suggest that it is important to consider both personal and environmental characteristics when selecting and implementing reasonable accommodations. 相似文献