Using 9-1-1 call data and the space–time permutation scan statistic for emergency event detection     

Hector Jasso  William Hodgkiss  Chaitan Baru  Tony Fountain  Don Reich  Kurt Warner 《Government Information Quarterly》2009

During medium to large-scale emergency events such as fires or earthquakes, emergency response teams must be deployed to the location of the event in a timely fashion. Information gathered from 9-1-1 call makers is useful for this, but is not always accurate. In this paper, we show how the space–time permutation scan statistic can be used to detect the presence and location of such events by monitoring the overall spatiotemporal pattern of 9-1-1 emergency calls instead. In an analysis of collected 9-1-1 call data, top detected clusters were found to correlate with emergency events as reported on the news, showing the algorithm's usefulness for automatically estimating their location and temporal extent. We show how the detection procedure works in cases where the emergency event generates a small but statistically significant increase in the number of 9-1-1 calls, as well as cases where events must be detected against a large background activity of 9-1-1 calls. We discuss the possible adoption of the proposed algorithm within the next generation digital government framework.  相似文献   

Poverty, Relationship Conflict, and the Regulation of Cortisol in Small and Large Group Contexts at Child Care     

Gabrielle Rappolt-Schlichtmann  John B. Willett  Catherine C. Ayoub  Robert Lindsley  Annmarie C. Hulette  Kurt W. Fischer 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2009,3(3):131-142

The purpose of this research is to explore the dynamics of cortisol regulation in the context of center-based child care by examining the impact of social context (large classroom vs. small group) and relationship quality with caregivers (conflict with mothers and teachers). We extend the research on children's physiologic stress system functioning in center-based child care by focusing on morning cortisol levels among young children living in poverty. While in high-quality center-based child care, children's cortisol levels decreased over the course of the morning—a result that contrasts with findings in previous research with middle-class children, for whom cortisol typically increased over the course of the day while attending center-based child care. Cortisol levels were further reduced when children were moved from a large classroom environment to a small group context. Relationship conflict with mothers and teachers moderated these effects. Children who had high conflict with their mother exhibited cortisol levels that remained higher (decreased less) over the course of the morning, and children who had high conflict with their teacher exhibited cortisol levels that remained higher (decreased less) in response to the small group context. These results indicate that high-quality child care has the potential to support reduced stress among children living in poverty, at least as indicated by adrenocortical activity.  相似文献   

Electronic Performance Support Technology: Defining the Domain     

Marilyn Hudzina  Kurt Rowley  Walter Wager 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1996,9(1):36-48

Electronic performance support is an expanding area within the field of performance technology. This article reviews and classifies the literature, both conceptual and case-based, in order to assess settings for use, initiating factors for development, and general features of the various systems. Identification of each article reviewed is presented in a matrix of categories that can be used to point those interested in specific aspects of this complex topic to the most pertinent information for their own needs. A general summary of findings follows.  相似文献   

A Sport Education Fitness Season’s Impact on Students’ Fitness Levels,Knowledge, and In-Class Physical Activity     

Jeffery Kurt Ward  Danielle D. Wadsworth  Shelby Foote  Sheri J. Brock  Nikki Hollett 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(3):346-351

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which a sport education season of fitness could provide students with recommended levels of in-class moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while also increasing students’ fitness knowledge and fitness achievement. Method: One hundred and sixty-six 5th-grade students (76 boys, 90 girls) participated in a 20-lesson season called “CrossFit Challenge” during a 4-week period. The Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run, push-ups, and curl-ups tests of the FITNESSGRAM® were used to assess fitness at pretest and posttest, while fitness knowledge was assessed through a validated, grade-appropriate test of health-related fitness knowledge (HRF). Physical activity was measured with Actigraph GT3X triaxial accelerometers. Results: Results indicated a significant time effect for all fitness tests and the knowledge test. Across the entire season, the students spent an average of 54.5% of lesson time engaged in MVPA, irrespective of the type of lesson (instruction, free practice, or competition). Conclusions: The results suggest that configuring the key principles of sport education within a unit of fitness is an efficient model for providing students with the opportunity to improve fitness skill and HRF knowledge while attaining recommended levels of MVPA.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Walter C. Hobbs  Denis O'Sullivan  Ernest Rudd  Clive H. Church  Moray McGowan  Kurt Ulbricht  Erich Leitner  Richard A. Slaughter  Glenn R. Nellis  Michael Argles  Alec M. Ross 《Higher Education》1980,9(3):351-363

  相似文献   

Book reviews     

P. C. B.  Saul B. Robinsohn  J. J. Grant  David C. Thomas  Franz Hilker  George W. Parkyn  Urban Dahllöf  Gilbert F. Peaker  Kurt Spangenberg  S. Leslie Hunter  Gilbert de Landsheere  M. J. Langeveld 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1965,11(4):492-508

  相似文献   

The changing world of international protection of intellectual property     

Kurt Stanberry 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1991,7(1):61-77

Economic and ideological motives underpin differing positions on the protection of intellectual property, with the strongest divisions running between developed and less developed countries. Protection for intellectual property rests on international treaties and agreements, regional arrangements, bilateral agreements, and unilateral actions. In recent years, nations that have been notorioushavens for piracy have sought to bring their laws and enforcement more into line with international standards.  相似文献   

Das Hamburger Fern-Lehrinstitut (HFL)     

Kurt Graff 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1967,13(1):56-60

  相似文献   

THE CHANGING PROFESSIONAL ETHOS: A POLL OF POLLSTERS     

Lang  Kurt; Lang  Gladys Engel 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1991,3(4):323-339

A mail survey of 129 contact persons for polling organizationrevealed that 62 per cent of the firms from which responseswere received do not go back before 1980. Many respondents werethemselves newcomers, who had found their way into polling viapolitics and showed less commitment to the professional ethosthat meant so much to the pioneer pollsters. Newcomers, on theaverage, had fewer academic credentials and less training thaneither of two generations of more seasoned pollsters; more ofthem worked directly for politicians. The three generationsalso differed in the satisfactions sought from polling and onprofessional membership. Are we encountering a "new breed" ofpollsters?  相似文献   

Unterrichtsbezogene Überzeugungen und handlungsleitende Kognitionen von Lehrpersonen     

Miriam Leuchter  Dr. Christine Pauli  Prof. Dr. Kurt Reusser  Prof. Dr. Frank Lipowsky 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2006,9(4):562-579

Die hier vorgestellte Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen unterrichtsbezogenen und handlungsleitenden Kognitionen anhand einer Stichprobe von 20 deutschen und 18 schweizerischen Mathematiklehrpersonen. Die untersuchten unterrichtsbezogenen überzeugungen fokussieren auf das konstruktivistische und das rezeptive Lehr-Lernverst?ndnis der Lehrpersonen, die spezifischen Kognitionen auf das konkrete didaktische Handeln in einer Unterrichtseinheit zur Einführung in die Satzgruppe des Pythagoras. In früheren Untersuchungen zeigte sich, dass sich deutsche Lehrpersonen konstruktivistischer als schweizerische Lehrkr?fte einsch?tzten, ihren Unterricht aber eher als fragend-entwickelnd beschrieben. Ausgehend von diesem Befund werden in der Untersuchung deutsche und schweizerische Lehrpersonen hinsichtlich ihrer überzeugungen und handlungsleitenden Kognitionen vergleichend untersucht. In einem zweiten Schritt wird nach Zusammenh?ngen zwischen beiden Facetten professionellen Lehrerwissens gefragt. Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass sich die deutschen Mathematiklehrpersonen in ihren überzeugungen st?rker als jene in der Schweiz an einem konstruktivistischen Verst?ndnis von Lehr-Lernprozessen orientieren, dieses sich aber sowohl bei deutschen als auch bei schweizerischen Lehrpersonen kaum in den handlungsleitenden Kognitionen widerspiegelt. Als Erkl?rung für diese geringe Korrespondenz zwischen unterrichtsbezogenen überzeugungen und handlungsleitenden Kognitionen kommen u.a. belastende Rahmenbedingungen und eine geringe Selbstwirksamkeit der Lehrpersonen in Frage. Daher werden in einem dritten Schritt Zusammenh?nge zwischen unterrichtsbezogenen überzeugungen und handlungsleitenden Kognitionen unter Kontrolle belastender Rahmenbedingungen und der Selbstwirksamkeit der Lehrpersonen untersucht. Dabei zeigen sich, allerdings in erster Linie nur bei schweizerischen Lehrpersonen, einige erwartungskonforme systematische Zusammenh?nge zwischen konstruktivistischen überzeugungen und handlungsleitenden Kognitionen.  相似文献