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91.
Environmental and Genetic Variance in Children's Observed and Reported Maladaptive Behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leslie D. Leve Allen A. Winebarger Beverly I. Fagot John B. Reid H. Hill Goldsmith 《Child development》1998,69(5):1286-1298
The genetic and environmental contributions to children's maladaptive behavior are assessed in a sample of 154 twin pairs (77 MZ twin pairs and 77 DZ twin pairs), who range in age from 6 to 11 years. To bridge the strengths of behavioral genetic methods and environmental assessment techniques, we use a multimethod, multimeasure approach to data collection, and analyze the data using behavioral genetic modeling techniques. Results indicate that genetic variation accounts for a majority of the variance in parent-reported child maladaptive behavior (average = 62%). One parent-report measure also suggests a smaller, significant contribution of shared environmental variance. In contrast to the parental ratings, the observational coding and global impressions of parent-twin interactive behavior suggest that shared environment is the primary source of variance accounting for parent and child maladaptive behavior. This is due, in part, to the direct influence one's interactive partner has on the expression of maladaptive behavior in an interactive setting. When controlling for the co-participant's behavior, genetic variation increases and shared environmental variation decreases. 相似文献
92.
Lori Lyman DiGisi Andrea Nix Karen Daniels Leslie Kramer Susan Cyr 《Research in Science Education》1999,29(2):247-268
There are no panaceas and no shortcuts. Man is an amphibious being who lives simultaneously or successively in several universes:
in the world of matter, the world of mind, the world of spirit; in the individual world and in the social world; in the homemade
universe of his own artifacts, institutions, and imaginings, and in the given, the God-made universe of nature and grace.
In the very nature of things none of the major problems confronting such a being can possibly be a simple problem. Those who
seek simple solutions for complex problems may have the best of intentions; but unfortunately there is an original sin of
the intellect in our habit of arbitrary oversimplification. Those who act without taking precautions against this vice of
their intellectual nature doom themselves and their fellows to perpetual disappointment. (Aldous Huxley, 1953, p. 1.) 相似文献
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Chang Liu Linying Ji Sy-Miin Chow Boyoung Kang Leslie D. Leve Daniel S. Shaw Jody M. Ganiban Misaki N. Natsuaki David Reiss Jenae M. Neiderhiser 《Child development》2020,91(5):e1064-e1081
This study examined two possible mechanisms, evocative gene–environment correlation and prenatal factors, in accounting for child effects on parental negativity. Participants included 561 children adopted at birth, and their adoptive parents and birth parents within a prospective longitudinal adoption study. Findings indicated child effects on parental negativity, such that toddlers’ negative reactivity at 18 months was positively associated with adoptive parents’ over-reactive and hostile parenting at 27 months. Furthermore, we found that child effects on parental negativity were partially due to heritable (e.g., birth mother [BM] internalizing problems and substance use) and prenatal factors (e.g., BM illicit drug use during pregnancy) that influence children’s negative reactivity at 18 months. This study provides critical evidence for “child on parent” effects. 相似文献
95.
Leslie Bedford 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2001,44(1):27-34
Abstract This article examines the ways in which the narrative or story form generates personal connections between visitors and content and thus is ideally suited to the work of museums. Starting with a review of the qualities of narrative, the article provides specific examples of how stories and storytelling have worked in exhibitions, public programs and outreach to schools. 相似文献
96.
Capillary wave phenomena are challenging to study, especially for microfluidics where the wavelengths are short, the frequencies are high, and the frequency distribution is rarely confined to a narrow range, let alone a single frequency. Those that have been studying Faraday capillary waves generated by vertical oscillation have chosen to work at larger scales and at low frequencies as a solution to this problem, trading simplicity in measurement for issues with gravity, boundary conditions, and the fidelity of the subharmonic capillary wave motion. Laser Doppler vibrometry using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer is an attractive alternative: The interface’s motion can be characterized at frequencies up to 40 MHz and displacements of as little as a few tens of picometers. 相似文献
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Michael Ungar Leslie M. Tutty Sheri McConnell Ken Barter Judi Fairholm 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(10):699-708
ObjectiveTo report findings from a study of anonymous disclosures of abuse experiences among a national sample of youth in Canada who participated in violence prevention programming.MethodsA qualitative analysis was done of a purposeful sample of 1,099 evaluation forms completed following Red Cross RespectED violence prevention programming delivered between 2000 and 2003. Forms were selected based on program facilitators identifying voluntary, anonymous disclosures by youth participants of neglect and emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Additional data for this analysis includes 27 interviews and focus groups that were used to understand the context of these disclosures and to engage the help of youth and program facilitators in the interpretation of findings.ResultsWhile this study is exploratory and non-representative in its design, findings suggest high rates of hidden abuse, with less than a quarter of youth with abuse experiences reporting a disclosure. Disclosure patterns vary with boys, youth aged 14–15, victims of physical abuse, and those abused by a family member being most likely to disclose to professionals or the police. Interviews help to explain the large number of youth who express reticence to disclose to professionals. Specifically, the data show a perception among youth of negative consequences following disclosure.ConclusionsThis data raises questions regarding why youth are reluctant to report abuse to professionals, preferring to cope independently or by confiding in peers. Youth in this study report feeling anxious about disclosing to authorities, fearful of the potential loss of control over decisions which affect them.Practice implicationsFindings suggest that professionals who provide support to young people's own networks of family and friends may help to facilitate youths’ disclosures of abuse. Furthermore, prevention programming that promotes a positive attitude towards disclosure of abuse experiences and provides an anonymous forum (such as an evaluation form) in which to do so is likely to encourage more young people to disclose. 相似文献