New Approaches to Spoken Document Retrieval     

Martin Wechsler  Eugen Munteanu  Peter Schäuble 《Information Retrieval》2000,3(3):173-188

This paper presents four novel techniques for open-vocabulary spoken document retrieval: a method to detect slots that possibly contain a query feature; a method to estimate occurrence probabilities; a technique that we call collection-wide probability re-estimation and a weighting scheme which takes advantage of the fact that long query features are detected more reliably. These four techniques have been evaluated using the TREC-6 spoken document retrieval test collection to determine the improvements in retrieval effectiveness with respect to a baseline retrieval method. Results show that the retrieval effectiveness can be improved considerably despite the large number of speech recognition errors.  相似文献   

'Incongruous juxtapositions': the chimaera and Mrs McK     

Martin A 《Endeavour》2007,31(3):99-103

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The Welfare to Work Transition in the United States: Implications for Work-Related Learning     

James C. Fisher  Larry G. Martin 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2000,46(6):529-544

This paper summarizes the legislation upon which the current welfare-to-work transition in the United States is based and describes characteristics of the former welfare population from which various tiers of employment options have emerged: unsubsidized-employed workers, subsidized-employed workers, subsidized-unemployed recipients, and unsubsidized-unemployed individuals. It also discusses current program emphases, and presents a format for directions for future program development which includes academic programs, situated cognition programs, integrated literacy/occupational skills programs, and integrated literacy/soft skills training.  相似文献   

Conceptualising and testing the relationship between actual and perceived motor performance: A cross-cultural comparison in children from Australia and Germany     

Maike Tietjens  Lisa M. Barnett  Dennis Dreiskämper  Benjamin Holfelder  Till Onno Utesch  Natalie Lander 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(17):1984-1996

ABSTRACT

Previous studies investigating the relationship between motor skill, physical activity and fitness in children have not thoroughly considered the role of self-perception. Therefore, the study aim was to test a theoretical framework, which considered both actual and perceived motor skill as well as actual and perceived fitness. Potential moderating effects of sex and country were considered. Data on motor skill, fitness, as well as self-perception of motor skill and fitness were collected from 145 Australian children and 214 German children (age range 7 to 10 years). For actual motor skill and fitness, mean differences for sex, age and country were found. For perceived motor performance (perceived motor skill and perceived fitness) no mean differences were found for age. Path analyses were performed. The final model showed significant relations between actual performance (object control skill, fitness) and perceived performance (object control skill, fitness). All model paths had low to moderate regression weights with the lowest relationship reported between actual and perceived fitness. Sex and country showed no effects. This integrated approach has led to a better understanding of the relationship between children’s perceived and objective performance, and cultural differences within them.  相似文献   

Contextualising change through a common strategy: Lecturers’ perceptions and key role in supporting academic reform     

Paz Kindelan  Ana Martin 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2014,60(1):33-50

European universities are currently going through a process of change in order to meet the common goals set for higher education by the European Commission. They are revising their educational models to adjust them to the guidelines of the “Bologna Process” and are devising an institutional strategy for its implementation. In practical terms, this means aligning former national degrees and diplomas to standard European Bachelor and Masters degrees and PhD doctorates, by creating acknowledged professional qualification benchmarks that also include adjusted course lengths and contents. This process, in the end, mostly affects academic staff members who have a fundamental role to play in carrying out the pedagogical reforms on the teaching front. Besides presenting a commentary on the institutional approach of one particular technical university in Spain, the purpose of this paper is to propose, from the authors’ point of view as lecturers, a strategy which has the potential to create a favourable atmosphere for carrying out such a reform. The article’s main objective is to highlight a series of action points which may serve to reinforce and advance the main institutional strategy by relying on the powerful influence of its academic staff members.  相似文献   

A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Automatic Item Generation     

Audra E. Kosh  Mary Ann Simpson  Lisa Bickel  Mark Kellogg  Ellie Sanford‐Moore 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(1):48-53

Automatic item generation (AIG)—a means of leveraging technology to create large quantities of items—requires a minimum number of items to offset the sizable upfront investment (i.e., model development and technology deployment) in order to achieve cost savings. In this cost–benefit analysis, we estimated the cost of each step of AIG and manual item writing and applied cost—benefit formulas to calculate the number of items that would have to be produced before the upfront costs of AIG outweigh manual item writing costs in the context of K‐12 mathematics items. Results indicated that AIG is more cost‐effective than manual item writing when developing, at a minimum, 173 to 247 items within one fine‐grained content area (e.g., fourth‐ through seventh‐grade area of figures). The article concludes with a discussion of implications for test developers and the nonmonetary tradeoffs involved in AIG.  相似文献   

Always an outsider: that is why he had such a unique insight     

Martin Jacques 《Inter-Asia Cultural Studies》2017,18(2):172-174

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即便英语为母语的人也会犯的错误     

Martin Renner  檀生兰  范励 《英语沙龙》2010,(2)

<正>"确实地,真实地"Literally是指"是真的"。然而,大多数母语使用者都错误地用其表达以强调某事。比较:如果你不做家庭作业,他会宰了你。还有:如果你不做家庭作业,他真的会宰了你。第二个例子意思是如果你不做作业,你们老师一定会要了你的命。哦,天哪!实际上,这不是"事实地",而是"比喻地"。  相似文献   

J. Quay and J. Seaman,John Dewey and education outdoors: making sense of the ‘educational situation’ through more than a century of progressive reforms     

Bruce Martin 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2017,17(2):172-174

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Cold War Games: Propaganda,the Olympics,and US Foreign Policy Toby C. Rider. University of Illinois Press, 2016.          下载免费PDF全文

Martin J. Manning 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2017,40(3):279-279

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