环戊基甲基酮连氮的合成及表征     

赵鹏  赵文昭  夏洋峰  刘龙  张延强 《中国科学院大学学报》2021,38(5):583-589

以环戊基甲基酮和水合肼为原料,合成一种新的酮连氮化合物（环戊基甲基酮连氮,C₁₄N₂H₂₄）,采用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和IR表征确认产物的结构,并通过Gaussian 09计算对产物分子构型进行解析,表明（1E,2E）为最稳定构型;同时测定环戊基甲基酮连氮在常压下的基本物理化学性质,包括沸点（T_b,238.4℃）、熔点（T_m,-38.2℃）、密度（ρ,0.910~0.969 g·cm^-3）、动态黏度（η,2.35~13.17 mPa·s）和比热容（C_p,2.97~3.63 J·g^-1·℃^-1）,并根据密度计算其等压热膨胀系数（α,8.26×10^-4~8.75×10^-4℃^-1）。结果显示ρ、η与温度呈负相关,C_p、α与温度呈正相关。  相似文献   

Instructional practices in secondary science: How teachers achieve local and standards-based success     

Beth A. Covitt  Elizabeth Xeng de los Santos  Qinyun Lin  Christie Morrison Thomas  Charles W. Anderson 《科学教学研究杂志》2024,61(1):170-202

This article reports on analyses of the instructional practices of six middle- and high-school science teachers in the United States who participated in a research-practice partnership that aims to support reform science education goals at scale. All six teachers were well qualified, experienced, and locally successful—respected by students, parents, colleagues, and administrators—but they differed in their success in supporting students' three-dimensional learning. Our goal is to understand how the teachers' instructional practices contributed to their similarities in achieving local success and to differences in enabling students' learning, and to consider the implications of these findings for research-practice partnerships. Data sources included classroom videos supplemented by interviews with teachers and focus students and examples of student work. We also compared students' learning gains by teacher using pre–post assessments that elicited three-dimensional performances. Analyses of classroom videos showed how all six teachers achieved local success—they led effectively managed classrooms, covered the curriculum by teaching almost all unit activities, and assessed students' work in fair and efficient ways. There were important differences, however, in how teachers engaged students in science practices. Teachers in classrooms where students achieved lower learning gains followed a pattern of practice we describe as activity-based teaching, in which students completed investigations and hands-on activities with few opportunities for sensemaking discussions or three-dimensional science performances. Teachers whose students achieved higher learning gains combined the social stability characteristic of local classroom success with more demanding instructional practices associated with scientific sensemaking and cognitive apprenticeship. We conclude with a discussion of implications for research-practice partnerships, highlighting how partnerships need to support all teachers in achieving both local and standards-based success.  相似文献   

吸附气体小分子石墨烯的紫外光谱的第一性原理研究     

许晓刚   《科技风》2014,(6):51-53

为研究吸附气体小分子的石墨烯紫外光谱,可以能够灵敏准确的测量出石墨烯吸附的气体小分子的种类。本文采用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31G*的基组上优化了吸附CO,H2O,CH4气体分子的石墨烯的稳定结构。采用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-31+G*的基组上计算了吸附CO,H2O,CH4气体分子的石墨烯的稳定状态下的电子结构。基于Gelius模型,算出其紫外光谱。这为通过光学手段研究和制备高灵敏度的气体小分子探测器探索了一条新的道路。  相似文献   

Consensus for multiple heterogeneous Euler–Lagrange systems with time-delay and jointly connected topologies     

Yuan Liu  Haibo Min  Shicheng Wang  Long Ma  Zhiguo Liu 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

In this paper, we consider the consensus problem of multiple agents modeled by Euler–Lagrange (EL) equation, among which two classes of agents are addressed, i.e., some agents with exactly known parameters and the others with parametric uncertainties. We propose a distributed consensus protocol for the heterogeneous EL systems in which both time-delay and jointly connected topologies are taken into consideration. Based on graph theory, Lyapunov theory and Barbalat?s lemma, the stability of the controller is proved. A distinctive feature of this work is to investigate the consensus problem of EL systems with heterogeneous dynamics, time-delay and jointly connected topologies in a unified theoretical framework. Simulation results are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.  相似文献   

Mean-square exponential stability for a class of discrete-time nonlinear singular Markovian jump systems with time-varying delay     

Shaohua Long  Shouming Zhong 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

This paper investigates the problem of mean-square exponential stability for a class of discrete-time nonlinear singular Markovian jump systems with time-varying delay. The considered systems are with mode-dependent singular matrices _Er(k)$E_{r\left(k\right)}$. By using the free-weighting matrix method and the Lyapunov functional method, delay-dependent sufficient conditions which guarantee the considered systems to be mean-square exponentially stable are presented. Finally, some numerical examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.  相似文献   

竞技运动视频识别与比较系统的研究     

戎淼锋  林珑 《广州体育学院学报》2014,(4):59-61

竞技运动视频的识别与比较系统是现代科技训练方法在竞技运动训练中的实现。以定点拍摄的跳远运动视频为研究对象,实现了视频中运动目标分割和提取,进行对运动目标进行合成比较。通过对运动员实际训练体态或动作与标准体态或动作的比较,达到科学的运动分析与诊断的目的。这些功能的实现都是借助于VC++平台在WidowsXP系统下研究和实现的,系统便携、操作简单,有现场实效性。  相似文献   

单侧功能性踝关节不稳者单腿下落过程的生物力学研究     

张阳  袁金风  张秋霞  程龙 《北京体育大学学报》2014,37(8):87-91

目的:研究功能性踝关节不稳者患侧与健侧单腿下落生物力学特征的差异性。方法:采用Vicon红外高速摄像系统和Kistler三维测力台对15名单侧功能性踝关节不稳者分别进行患侧与健侧40 cm高的单腿下落实验测试,采集下落过程中触地侧下肢的地面反作用力及运动学数据,用配对t检验分析两侧间的差异性,检验水准选α=0.05。结果:在触地前100 ms时及触地时膝踝的瞬时角度、落地稳定时间、落地稳定末的踝关节角度、膝前馈的角度变化量以及内外侧方向GRF峰值对应时间的比较中,两侧间差异存在统计学意义。结论:单侧FAI者患侧单腿下落触地后各方向地面反作用力峰值相对比健侧单腿下落时小,各方向地面反作用力峰值的出现时间相对晚于健侧;同时还发现单侧FAI者在下落过程中可能存在前馈神经肌肉控制的改变。  相似文献   

异质型责任主体的环境协同治理效果     

孙慧  王慧  肖涵月  辛龙 《资源科学》2022,44(1):15-31

政府主导、企业主体、公众参与的“多方联动”中国特色环境治理体系是增强环境主体履行责任、提升生态环境质量、助推经济高质量发展的重要途径。从异质型环境责任主体的内外部协同视角出发,基于2011—2017年中国31个省（区、市）宏观数据及A股1423家工业上市公司相关数据,采用高维固定效应模型探析“多方联动”的环境责任主体“提质”“减排”“增效”的协同治理效果;在环保督查力度持续攀升、环境污染治理行政规制适时调整的背景下,考察环境政策不确定性对于环境责任主体协同治理效果的调节效应。结果表明：①政府规制责任与公众监督责任的内部协同治理发挥显著“提质”效果,倒逼企业积极履行环境治理责任,提升环境责任意识,提高发展质量。②政府规制责任、企业环境责任、公众监督责任“多方联动”的外部协同治理发挥显著“减排”与“增效”作用,不仅降低地区污染排放水平,提高环境治理效率,而且显著提升地区绿色贡献水平,有效促进绿色高质量发展。③环境政策不确定性释放了因时、因地、因事精准施策、适时调整、高效匹配的信号,有效提升了“多方联动”的外部协同治理效果。本文对于加快完善多方协同共治的环境治理机制、推动经济与环境激励相容发展具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

土地规模化经营对农村产业融合发展的影响及作用机制     

曾龙  陈淑云  付振奇 《资源科学》2022,44(8):1560-1576

随着农地流转的深化,土地规模化经营能否促进农村产业融合发展亟待研究。本文基于中国省级面板数据,通过测算农村产业融合发展水平,利用双向固定效应模型和系统广义矩估计方法,实证检验土地规模化经营对农村产业融合发展的影响及其传导机制。进一步基于2020年CLES农户调查数据,利用Logit模型探究了土地规模化经营影响农户参与农村产业融合发展行为的微观基础。研究表明：①从宏观层面来看,土地规模化经营对农村产业融合发展具有推动作用,影响机制分析表明其受到农村劳动力转移和农村居民收入水平的正向调节作用,且是通过提升农村居民收入水平来推动农村产业融合发展。②从微观层面来看,土地规模化经营推动了农户参与农村产业融合发展行为,且是通过提高农户参与农业技术培训积极性来推动农户家庭参与农村产业融合发展行为。因此,推动土地规模化经营与实现农村产业融合发展在政策目标上具有协同性,为实现农村产业融合发展,政府应实施有利于土地规模化经营的配套制度,拓宽农村居民收入渠道,有序推进农村劳动力转移,完善农业技术培训服务,助力农村产业融合发展。  相似文献   

数学的启蒙--对小学低年级数学学习兴趣培养的思考     

沈龙 《科教文汇》2014,(15):148-148

本文对小学生低年级数学学习兴趣的问题进行了研究。结合数学的学科特点以及小学生身心发展的规律,对低年级小学生数学教学策略提出了三个建议：（1）创设情境,营造氛围;（2）动手操作,营造氛围;（3）游戏教学,寓教于乐。  相似文献