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In order to provide a picture of how inquiry is practiced in everyday science classrooms, the articles published in The Science Teacher from 1998 to 2007 were analyzed for explicit evidence of features of inquiry. Inquiry was operationally defined by the essential
features detailed in Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards (NRC 2000). Few articles described full inquiry. Gathering and analyzing evidence were significantly more prominent than the other
features of inquiry, which were present in less than 25% of the articles. This pattern may be related to teachers’ viewing
inquiry more as a process than as a vehicle for learning science content. Each feature found was also rated for whether it
was student- or teacher-directed. Most activities were teacher-directed. 相似文献
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Loretta A. Cardinale 《Instructional Science》1992,21(6):501-512
Several features have been identified that enhance learning from text. One of these features is explication. To explicate means to state directly, instead of requiring the reader to infer, organize, or construct relationships. This study investigated the effects of three types of embedded explication on science learning: etymological, causal, and analogical in terms of the Mayer and Greeno information processing model. Subjects read parallel texts containing explications presented in a difficult or easy sequence. Overall, groups receiving causal and analogical explication scored significantly higher than the control groups receiving filler material. This supports the use of causal explication to support organization and the use of analogy to link prior and new knowledge together in long-term memory. This study has implications for the design of text-based science instruction based both on the use of embedded explication and the sequencing of information. 相似文献
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Schoenfeld-Tacher Regina Jones Loretta L. Persichitte Kay A. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2001,10(4):305-317
Journal of Science Education and Technology - This study investigated the relationship of cognitive and demographic variables to learning outcomes from a multimedia Goal-Based Scenario (GBS) lesson... 相似文献
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Loretta Bradley Gerald Parr William Y. Lan Revathi Bingi L. J. Gould 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1995,18(1):21-31
International students not only face the normal adjustment problems of young adulthood but also the adjustment to a different culture. A random sample of 100 colleges and universities was contacted. International students enrolled at the institutions completed a questionnaire designed to assess the counselling preferences of international students. Results are discussed in terms of desirable counsellor characteristics and implications for counsellor training. Suggestions are made for facilitating counselling with international students. 相似文献
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Duggan A McFarlane E Fuddy L Burrell L Higman SM Windham A Sia C 《Child abuse & neglect》2004,28(6):597-622
OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of home visiting in preventing child abuse and neglect in the first 3 years of life in families identified as at-risk of child abuse through population-based screening at the child's birth. METHODS: This experimental study focused on Hawaii Healthy Start Program (HSP) sites operated by three community-based agencies. From 11/94 to 12/95, 643 families were enrolled and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Child abuse and neglect were measured by observed and self-reported parenting behaviors, all hospitalizations for trauma and for conditions where hospitalization might have been avoided with adequate preventive care, maternal relinquishment of her role as primary caregiver, and substantiated CPS reports. Data were collected through annual maternal interviews (88% follow-up each year of all families with baseline interviews); observation of the home environment; and review of CPS, HSP, and pediatric medical records. RESULTS: HSP records rarely noted home visitor concern about possible abuse. The HSP and control groups were similar on most measures of maltreatment. HSP group mothers were less likely to use common corporal/verbal punishment (AOR=.59, p=.01) but this was attributable to one agency's reduction in threatening to spank the child. HSP group mothers reported less neglectful behavior (AOR=.72, .02), related to a trend toward decreased maternal preoccupation with problems and to improved access to medical care for intervention families at one agency. CONCLUSIONS: The program did not prevent child abuse or promote use of nonviolent discipline; it had a modest impact in preventing neglect. Possible targets for improved effectiveness include the program's implementation system and model. 相似文献
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Peter J. Benekos Alida V. Merlo William J. Cook Kate Bagley 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(2):273-296
The philosophy and practice of juvenile justice have experienced significant transformations in the last 100 years. A shift to “get tough” attitudes has prompted various legislative reforms and has changed if not hardened attitudes toward youth. In context of these policy developments and social attitudes, this paper summarizes a preliminary study of 1104 undergraduate students on their attitudes on juvenile justice policies in the United States. Student perceptions of school violence, and attitudes toward zero tolerance and drug testing are reported. The authors discuss the responses of criminal justice majors and consider the implications of their academic experience on knowledge and attitudes about juvenile justice. 相似文献
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Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha Vildan Hayta Loretta Rieser-Danner Douglas McConatha Tulay S. Polat 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(3):169-183
As people live longer and the number of older adults increases worldwide, it becomes important to understand the factors that influence how we understand and perceive our own aging as well as how we construct our attitudes toward older adults. Although studies have indicated that later adulthood can be a healthy, productive, and satisfying time of life, ageism or prejudice and discrimination against older adults and a fear of the aging process, continues to be a widespread phenomena. The purpose of this study was to compare attitudes and anxieties toward aging of young and middle-aged men and women from the United States and Turkey. The results indicate that significant country and gender differences exist in how people feel about getting older and the age at which they consider themselves to be “old.” Contact with elders as well as education regarding the process of aging appear to have a significant impact on attitudes toward aging. 相似文献
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In recent years, research on higher education has increasingly examined the realities of internationalisation, with a particular focus on international students’ experiences and internationalisation at home programs. These studies have explored the friendships of international students, including their relationships with both locals and internationals from other countries. However, local students’ perspectives and experiences of friendship are largely absent from this literature. The few accounts examining local students’ lives explicitly focus on improving their cross-cultural knowledge and engagement, or on rare cases of local–international student friendships. The overriding assumption in this literature is that the understandings and social practises of local students are major barriers to their relationships with internationals. This paper addresses this gap by exploring local students’ perspectives on the absence of friendships with their international peers. We utilise findings from a research project on internationalisation at home, involving interviews and focus groups with local and international students and staff at an Australian university. Focusing on locals’ discussions of potential friendships with internationals, we propose that these missing friendships are an important area of study. We find that these friendships are missing for several interrelated reasons: local–international friendships are considered unnecessary and are therefore unimagined by locals, who tend to assume that similarity and affinity naturally lead to friendships, and the structures and spaces that might facilitate friendships are absent. Ultimately, uncovering why these friendships are missing sheds fuller light on how relationships might be facilitated, potentially informing and improving universities’ internationalisation initiatives. 相似文献