Written Indicators of Empathy in Human-Relations Training: A Validational Study     

MARK THERRIEN  JOEL FISCHER 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1978,17(4):272-278

This study was conducted to determine if empathic level of functioning as assessed by written measures is predictive of oral functioning. Forty participants, run in four groups with counterbalanced order, responded in writing and orally to stimulus statements. Correlations between oral and written scores were very high and statistically significant for the total sample and the high- and low-functioning subgroups. Only very small differences were found between written and oral group means. Thus, we concluded that written measures can yield a reliable estimate of empathic level of oral functioning, making it possible to obtain a quick, economical, and reliable estimate of level of functioning without the time-consuming and cumbersome process of taping. This finding has particular relevance for training-program evaluations and comparisons in which large numbers of people need to be tested.  相似文献   

Deaf Children on the Causes of Emotions     

CAROLIEN RIEFFE  MARK MEERUM TERWOGT  COOTJE SMIT 《教育心理学》2003,23(2):159-168

Recent findings have shown that deaf children have a different rationale for the emergence of emotions than their hearing peers. It was hypothesised that deaf children--in case of negative outcomes--are more concentrated on the loss of the desired state (which evokes sadness predictions), whereas their hearing peers focus more on the conditions that lead to the negative outcome (which brings about anger predictions, especially when the situation does not seem totally hopeless yet). The results in this research, obtained from nine- and 11-year-old deaf and hearing children, confirmed this pattern and showed that deaf children tend to concentrate primarily on the fulfilment of desires in their emotion predictions and explanations, whereas they neglected the factors that had led to the negative outcome. Also in contrast with hearing children, they ignored the controllability of the situation. Possibly, deaf children keep their messages short and simple to minimise a potential misinterpretation and they might hold on to this out of routine. Another explanation is that deaf children lack more advanced theory of mind capacities, due to the limited means of communication they are faced with in a hearing environment. Consequently, they have restricted opportunities to learn from their own and others' experiences in this respect.  相似文献   

Counselor Gullibility     

MARK J. MILLER 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1986,26(2):103-107

In this article the author argues that it is mandatory that counselors suspend any disbelief in their clients during the early stages of counseling. Disbelieving interferes with counselor spontaneity and empathy. Indeed, the real work of counseling cannot start until clients perceive counselors as gullible. I offer a justification for being gullible during the initial sessions, along with suggestions for what can be done to develop appropriate levels of gullibility in counselors in training.  相似文献   

Finding Truth in ‘Lies’: Nietzsche's Perspectivism and its Relation to Education     

MARK E. JONAS  YOSHIAKI M. NAKAZAWA 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2008,42(2):269-285

In his 2001 article ‘Teaching to Lie and Obey: Nietzsche on Education’, Stefan Ramaekers defends Nietzsche's concept of perspectivism against the charge that it is relativistic. He argues that perspectivism is not relativistic because it denies the dichotomy between the ‘true’ world and the ‘seeming’ world, a dichotomy central to claims to relativism. While Ramaekers' article is correct in denying relativistic interpretations of perspectivism it does not go far enough in this direction. In fact, the way Ramaekers makes his case may actually encourage the charge of relativism, especially when it comes to his appropriation of perspectivism for education. This article proposes to pick up where Ramaekers left off. It will argue that Nietzsche's denial of the opposition between the ‘true’ world and the ‘seeming’ world opens up the possibility for the reestablishment of truth, albeit in a modified form. After examining Nietzsche's modified ‘realist’ epistemology, the paper will explore the implications of it for his philosophy of education. It will be argued that Nietzsche's educational philosophy is founded on his concept of perspectivism in so far as he demands that students be rigorously inculcated into a pedagogical framework that teaches students to discriminate between ‘true’ and ‘false’ perspectives. This framework is essential for the development of an intellectually robust and life‐affirming culture.  相似文献   

Issues of identity and knowledge in the schooling of VET: a case study of lifelong learning     

MARK TENNANT  LYN YATES 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(3):213-225

This article discusses two school‐based case studies of vocational education and training in the areas of information technology and hospitality from the perspective of the agendas of ‘lifelong learning’. Lifelong learning can be seen as both a policy goal leading to institutional and programme reforms and as a process which fosters in learners identities that enable them to thrive in the circumstances of contemporary life. These case studies suggest that current approaches to vocational education and training in schools are enacting the first but not the second of these agendas. Institutional barriers are being removed and work placements drawn in to schooling programmes. However, the pedagogy, assessment and curriculum of the programmes emphasizes short‐term (and conflicting) knowledge objectives rather than orientations to flexible lifelong learning. We argue that it is teachers rather than the students who are thrust most forcibly into adopting new learner‐worker identities consonant with the attributes of ‘lifelong learners’ and the demands of the contemporary workplace.  相似文献   

Impact analysis of natural disasters using interrelation of infrastructure and associated industries   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王增忠  MARK Hastak 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2010,14(6):424-429

Most serious natural disasters cause fatalities and injuries, and result in infrastructure damage, economic impacts, and social effects. With respect to the nature of impacts, it is important to understand the direct and indirect impacts of natural disasters on infrastructure and industries. In this paper, a holistic disaster impact analysis framework is presented to support more understanding of natural disaster events with respect to inter-relation of infrastructure and associated industries. Disaster impact mechanism and inter-relations based on critical function of industries derived from the extensive literature review and case studies. To develop the framework, service factor is chosen to measure the level of inter-relations and proper weights for each inter-relation between infrastructure and associated industries are obtained by surveying experts in the area of disaster mitigation, emergency organizations, and infrastructure management. This paper focuses on the impact analysis of hurricane disaster and the outcome can also be applied to other types of disasters.  相似文献   

School Counselors as Supervisors: An Integrated Approach for Supervising School Counseling Interns     

MARK D. NELSON  PATRICK JOHNSON 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1999,39(2):89-100

This article proposes an approach for supervising school counseling interns. The approach integrates supervisor roles, intern skills, and stages of the supervision process.  相似文献   

Self-Efficacy and Counselor Development: Testing the Integrated Developmental Model     

MARK M. LEACH  CAL D. STOLTENBERG  BRIAN W. MCNEILL  GREGG A. EICHENFIELD 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1997,37(2):115-124

This article presents an empirical investigation of counselor self-efficacy within 2 theoretical domains of the Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) of supervision.  相似文献   

The Rational Foundations of Ethics     

MARK T. NELSON 《Philosophical Books》1989,30(1):49-51

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Sleepless in Seattle: report on the 97th Annual Meeting of the Medical Library Association (MLA), Seattle,Washington, 24–28 May 1997     

T. MARK HODGES 《Health information and libraries journal》1997,14(4):252-255

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