Interaction of libraries and publishers     

Manfred Kochen 《Information processing & management》1981,17(5):291-299

Libraries and publishers have evolved together. Publishers rely on libraries as a minimum market for their scholarly products. Inflationary pressures have caused publishers to increase prices that, in turn, strain library budgets that have not increased as fast, and which, in turn, undermine the minimal demand publishers can count on, adding to inflationary pressure.A simple mathematical model for the dynamics of the interaction between libraries and publishers is analyzed. It derives a function for the supply curve of scholarly publications, and is used to estimate when an institution will have to spend as much per person on library support as on his or her salary if present trends continue. This is used to argue that present trends are unlikely to continue, but that a discontinuous shift in the production of scholarly output is likely to occur within a decade or two. Likely new forms of communication among scholars in “communicating classes” involving nearly simultaneous communication and a new kind of organized cumulative record are discussed. The implication for institutional changes not only in libraries and publishers and their interrelation but of new kinds of institutions are sketched.  相似文献   

Identification of the materials used in an Eastern Jin Chinese ink stick     

Shuya Wei  Xiaoyang Fang  Jun Yang  Xuejun Cao  Valentina Pintus  Manfred Schreiner  Guoding Song 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2012,13(4):448-452

Chinese ink stick has a long history and a special importance in the Chinese culture. For the first time, Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used to identify the materials in an ancient Chinese ink stick. Four types of constituents could be detected in the archaeological ink stick of the Eastern Jin period (317–420 AD): (1) borneol (Chinese name bing piàn); (2) compounds related to essential oil or tar of conifer wood: cedrene, aromadendrane, cedrane, cuparene, cedrol, retene, methyl dehydroabietate and 9-methyl retene; (3) marker compounds from animal glue; (4) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soot. The information obtained through this study provides conclusive evidence for use of additives of borneol and cedar oil, binding media of animal glue and pine wood soot in the ancient ink stick.  相似文献   

Christian Brünner zum 65. Geburtstag     

Manfred Novak 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2007,6(1):2-3

Ordentlicher Universitätsprofessor Dr. iur. Christian Brünner begeht dieser Tage seinen fünfundsechzigsten Geburtstag. Anlass genug, um in der nachstehenden Aufblende seinem vielschichtigen und maßgeblichen Wirken auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene, insbesondere für die Wissenschaft und den Bildungssektor, die gebührende Anerkennung zu zollen.  相似文献   

Amerikanische „Elitehochschulen“     

Gero Lenhardt  Robert D Reisz  PD Dr Manfred Stock 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2008,11(4):559-576

The system of higher education in the USA comprises the undergraduate programs of the colleges and the graduate programs in research universities. This distinction has no equivalent in Germany. The idea of elite education is connected exclusively with the colleges. Its meaning and functions are demonstrated with an analysis of the criteria which are used for the ranking of higher education institutions. The ranking of the colleges is addressed to the students and is based on indicators, which give expression above all to the educational priorities of the students and the alumni. The ranking of the graduate programs focuses on specific academic programs and is addressed to the members of the various academic fields and to their prospective students. A few rankings cover whole educational institutions and serve to inform the higher educational management. We use these data to identity the specifics of outstanding research universities and their role in American higher education.  相似文献   

Faculty – Personalstrukturen an US-amerikanischen Universit?ten
Ein Vergleich zwischen dem ?sterreichischen und dem US-amerikanischen System     

Manfred Prisching  Werner Hauser 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2008,7(5):125-154

US-amerikanische Universit?ten sind in Zeiten, in denen sich auch das Wissenschaftssystem in europ?ischen L?ndern in einem starken Wandel befindet, aus unterschiedlichen Gründen einen Vergleich wert, gelten sie doch gemeinhin als besonders leistungsf?hige Institutionen im Rahmen einer globalen Wissensgesellschaft. Jedes Bildungswesen ist ein komplexes System, und in Anbetracht seiner Systemhaftigkeit liegt es auf der Hand, dass einzelne Systemelemente aus anderen L?ndern nicht ohne weiteres übertragen oder in ein anders geartetes Ambiente eingefügt werden k?nnen. Im Folgenden werden die Personalstrukturen des US-amerikanischen und des ?sterreichischen Hochschulsystems miteinander verglichen, sie werden in ihren Vorzügen und Schw?chen analysiert und in das jeweilige institutionelle Gefüge eingebettet.  相似文献   

The Online Educator. A Guide to Creating the Virtual Classroom, M. McVay Lynch     

Manfred Lang 《Education and Information Technologies》2004,9(1):91-93

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Students as Journeymen between Cultures of Higher Education and Work: A Comparative European Project on the Transition from Higher Education to Working Life1     

Lars Owe Dahlgren  Gunnar Handal  Tomasz Szkudlarek  Manfred Bayer 《Higher Education in Europe》2007,32(4):305-316

This paper addresses the feasibility of higher education in relation to the demands of work life. The research is a comparative study involving four European countries: Sweden, Norway, Poland, and Germany. The research focuses on the view of freshmen, senior students and later graduates in Psychology and Political Science. Data were obtained by semi‐structured interviews, which were subjected to qualitative analyses. The results indicate that higher education, with some exceptions, seems to produce a discipline‐based identity among the students. These findings may be indicative of the value for employability of classical academic generic skills.  相似文献   

Goal conflicts and self-regulation: A new look at pupils’ off-task behaviour in the classroom     

Manfred Hofer   《Educational Research Review》2007,2(1):28-38

In this paper, pupils’ misconduct in the classroom is interpreted as a change from on-task to off-task behaviour. This change entails a switch from a current learning behaviour to an activity that is more attractive to the student but that is seen as a discipline problem by the teacher. Thus, academic and non-academic goals of pupils rival one another. Motivational conflict theory is used to elaborate on the premise that a discipline problem is a consequence of goal shift. The theory is used to model off-task behaviour as a failure to coordinate academic and non-academic goals, to ask new research questions, and to draw practical conclusions about educational interventions. The paper closes with suggestions about how to strengthen pupils’ ability to coordinate goals and how teaching can fulfil the various needs pupils pursue.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Mark Blaug  Maureen Woodhall  Alvin C. Eurich  Asa Briggs  Barbara Goldschmid  Marcel L. Goldschmid  Barbara Falk  Manfred Bayer  Gilles Guérin  Gareth Williams 《Higher Education》1975,4(3):379-391

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The Financing of Private Schools in the Federal Republic of Germany     

Manfred Weiss 《Compare》1986,16(2):149-165

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