How Much Walking Is Needed To Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness? An Examination of the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans     

Stephen D. Anton  Glenn E. Duncan  Marian C. Limacher  Anthony D. Martin  Michael G. Perri 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):365-370

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Collaborative learning: A memorable model     

Megan Tschannen‐Moran  Anita Woolfolk Hoy 《The Teacher Educator》2013,48(2):148-165

Abstract

Reform movements envision schools that will involve greater levels of cooperation and collaboration. Collaborative learning strategies provide a powerful mechanism not only to address affective goals in education but also to enhance students’ cognitive development; to deepen their understanding of concepts; and to press them to examine, articulate, and elaborate their ideas with greater clarity and rigor. Unless teachers have effective means to manage the complex problem solving involved in implementing collaborative learning strategies, the rich possibilities offered will not be realized. This paper proposes a five‐part conceptual framework to guide teachers decision making in order to capitalize on these powerful strategies. The framework incorporates a “G” mnemonic to make the elements memorable.  相似文献   

Chapter V. Peer Interactions in School     

Marian Sigman  & Ellen Ruskin 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》1999,64(1):66-87

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Next-Gen Library Catalogs     

Marian T Simonson 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2012,100(1):74-75

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III. ATTACHMENT AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INSTITUTIONAL CARE: CHARACTERISTICS AND CATCH UP     

Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg  Howard Steele  Charles H. Zeanah  Rifkat J. Muhamedrahimov  Panayiota Vorria  Natasha A. Dobrova‐Krol  Miriam Steele  Marinus H. van IJzendoorn  Femmie Juffer  Megan R. Gunnar 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2011,76(4):62-91

Attachment has been assessed in the extreme environment of orphanages, but an important issue to be addressed in this chapter is whether in addition to standard assessment procedures, such as the Strange Situation, the lack of a specific attachment in some institutionalized children should be taken into account given the limits to the development of stable relationships in institutionalized care. In addition, this chapter discusses disinhibited or indiscriminately friendly behavior that is often seen in institutionalized children. Enhanced caregiving quality alone appears to be insufficient to diminish indiscriminate behavior, at least in some children, as evidenced by the persistence of indiscriminate behavior in children adopted out of institutions into adoptive families. We suggest that the etiology and function of indiscriminate, “friendly” behavior may be different for institutionalized versus not‐institutionalized children. In the first case it may reflect a distortion or disruption of early attachment relationships; in the latter case it is likely to result from the lack of expected input in the form of contingent interactions with a stable caregiver in early life. We try to delineate infant and caregiver characteristics that are associated with secure attachment in institutional settings, given the inevitable fact that large numbers of infants worldwide are being raised, and will be raised, in contexts of institutional care. We conclude that much further study is needed of the development of children's attachments following adoption out of an institutional setting.  相似文献   

Fatal child maltreatment in England, 2005-2009     

Sidebotham P  Bailey S  Belderson P  Brandon M 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(4):299-306

Objective

This paper presents comprehensive and up-to-date data covering 4 years of Serious Case Reviews into fatal child maltreatment in England.

Methods

Information on all notified cases of fatal maltreatment between April 2005 and March 2009 was examined to obtain case characteristics related to a systemic classification of 5 broad groups of maltreatment deaths (severe physical assaults; covert homicide/infanticide; overt homicide; extreme neglect/deprivational abuse; deaths related to but not directly caused by maltreatment).

Results

A total of 276 cases were recorded giving an incidence of 0.63 cases per 100,000 children (0-17) per year. 246 cases could be classified based on the data available. Of these the commonest specific group was those children who died as a result of severe physical assaults. Apparently deliberate overt and covert homicide was less common, while deaths as a direct consequence of neglect were rare. In contrast, some evidence of neglect was found in at least 40% of all cases, though not the direct cause of death.

Conclusions

Class characteristics differ between the different categories of death and may suggest the need for different strategies for prevention.  相似文献   

How to respond to the demands set by the communicative approach? New challenges second‐language (L2) teachers face in the classroom     

Marian Amengual‐Pizarro 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2007,30(1):63-73

This study investigates prospective teachers' language needs in L2 teacher training programmes. A questionnaire was constructed and administered to a total of 79 first, second and third year students in the teaching training school at the University of the Balearic Islands (UIB). The questionnaire attempted to elicit student teachers' views on the following aspects: a) L2 teachers' qualities; b) Relevance of a Methodology, a Theory and a Language Improvement component in training courses; c) Perceived command of the English language and d) Potential use of English in future classes. The results confirm the value of including a Language Improvement component in teacher training courses to better meet the needs of future teachers and help them respond to the new demands set by the communicative approach. Results also suggest that a more balanced approach between both a Language Improvement and a Methodology component can play a crucial role in the successful implementation of the communicative approach in L2 contexts.

Ce travail étudie les besoins linguistiques des futurs professeurs de seconde langue dans les programmes des professeurs des écoles. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire a été élaboré et administré à un total de70 élèves de première, seconde et troisième année de formation des professeurs à l'Université des Îles Baléares.

Le questionaire aspirait à obtenir l'opinion des étudiants au sujet de: a) Qualités des professeurs de L2; b) Pertinence de la composante méthodologique, théorique, et de Formation Linguistique dans les curricula (programmes) de ces études; c) Perception de l'autorité de la langue anglaise et d) Utilisaton potentielle de la langue anglaise en classe dans le futur.

Les résultats confirment l'importance de l'inclusion d'une composante de Formation Linguistique dans le curricula des études de professeurs pour mieux répondre aux besoins des futurs professeurs et, en conséquence, les aider à s'adapter aux nouvelles exigences mises en place par l'approche communicative.

Les résultats suggèrent aussi qu'une approche plus équilibrée entre les composantes méthodologique et de Formation Linguistique peut jouer un rôle capital dans la mise en oeuvre de l'approche communicative dans le contexte de L2

Este estudio investiga las necesidades lingüísticas de los futuros profesores de segundas lenguas en los programas de formación del profesorado de primaria. Para ello se elaboró un cuestionario y se administró a un total de 70 alumnos de primer, segundo y tercer curso de magisterio en la Universitat de les Illes Balears. El cuestionario pretendía recoger la opinión de los estudiantes sobre los siguientes aspectos: a) cualidades del profesorado de segundas lenguas; b) relevancia del componente Metodológico, Teórico y de Formación Lingüística en los programas de formación del profesorado; c) presunto dominio de la lengua inglesa y d) uso potencial del inglés en clases futuras. Los resultados del estudio demuestran la importancia de incluir un componente de Formación Lingüística en los cursos de formación del profesorado de magisterio para poder responder mejor a las necesidades del futuro profesorado de primaria de modo que puedan enfrentarse a las nuevas exigencias planteadas por el enfoque comunicativo. Los resultados del estudio también sugieren que un balance equilibrado entre los componentes Metodológicos y de Formación Lingüística puede desempeñar un papel primordial en la implementación efectiva del enfoque comunicativo en el contexto de segundas lenguas.

In der folgenden Untersuchung werden die Sprachbedürfnisse der auszubildenden Fremdsprachenlehrer der Primarstufe ermittelt. Dafür wurde einen Fragekatalog entwickelt, der von 70 Studenten im ersten, zweiten und dritten Jahr des Lehrerstudiums an der Universität der Balearen ausgefüllt wurde. Das Ziel der Befragung war, die Meinung der Studenten über folgende Aspekte ihrer Ausbildung zu erfahren: a) Fähigkeiten der Fremdsprachenlehre; b) Bewertung der methodologischen, theoretischen und sprachlichen Inhalte in der Lehrerausbildung; c) Einschätzung über die Beherrschung des Englischen und d) Möglichkeiten über den Gebrauch des Englischen im zukünftigen Unterricht.

Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen die Notwendigkeit einer sprachlichen Weiterbildung der Lehrer während des Studiums, damit sie auf die zukünftigen Anforderungen der kommunikativen Methode in ihrer Lehrertätigkeit besser reagieren können.

Die Ergebnisse deuten auch darauf, dass das Gleichgewicht zwischen methodologischen Inhalten und sprachlicher Fortbildung eine zentralle Rolle in der effektiven Umsetzung der kommunikativen Methode im Fremdsprachenunterricht spielen kann.  相似文献   

Chapter I: Background and Goals of this Study     

Marian Sigman  & Ellen Ruskin 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》1999,64(1):1-10

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Graphic Organizers Applied to Higher–Level Secondary Mathematics     

Bob Ives  Cheri Hoy 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2003,18(1):36-51

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Failures, Cranks and Fads: Revisiting the Reading Debate     

Marian Whitehead 《English in Education》1992,26(1):3-14

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