PSYCHOLOGICAL ACCULTURATION: DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MEASURE FOR PUERTO RICANS ON THE U.S. MAINLAND     

Tropp LR  Erkut S  Coll CG  Alarcón O  Vázquez García HA 《Educational and psychological measurement》1999,59(2):351-367

Most instruments designed to measure acculturation have relied on specific cultural behaviors and preferences as primary indicators of acculturation. In contrast, feelings of belonging and emotional attachment to cultural communities have not been widely used. The Psychological Acculturation Scale (PAS) was developed to assess acculturation from a phenomenological perspective, with items pertaining to the individual's sense of psychological attachment to and belonging within the Anglo-American and Latino/Hispanic cultures. Responses from samples of bilingual individuals and Puerto Rican adolescents and adults are used to establish a high degree of measurement equivalence across the Spanish and English versions of the scale along with high levels of internal consistency and construct validity. The usefulness of the PAS and the importance of studying acculturation from a phenomenological perspective are discussed.  相似文献   

CS preexposure: Latent inhibition and Pavlovian conditioning of heart rate and eyeblink responses as a function of sex and CS intensity in rabbits     

Linda L. Hernández  Shirley L. Buchanan  D. A. Powell 《Learning & behavior》1981,9(4):513-518

Male and female rabbits received Pavlovian conditioning in which a 1, 216-Hz tone served as the CS and a 3-mA paraorbital electric shock train served as the US. Eyeblink (EB) and heart rate (HR) CRs were assessed. Half of the animals received prior exposure to the CS, while half were restrained in the chamber for a similar length of time but did not receive prior CS exposure. Different groups of each sex received three different CS intensities including 60, 75, and 90 dB (SPL) during both preexposure and conditioning. The results revealed that latent inhibition of the EB CR occurred only at the intermediate CS intensity, as indicated by a significant impairment of EB conditioning in this group. However, the magnitude of the decelerative HR CR was attenuated by prior CS exposure at all three CS intensities. Females showed faster EB conditioning than males, but latent inhibition occurred in both sexes. These results suggest that somatomotor and autonomic systems are affected differently by prior CS exposure.  相似文献   

Educational drama in the teaching of education for sustainability     

Marie Jeanne McNaughton 《Environmental Education Research》2004,10(2):139-155

In this paper, I describe part of my research project that examines the use of Educational Drama in Education for Sustainability in the upper stages of the primary school (10‐ and 11‐year‐olds). Central to the research is a small‐scale qualitative research study. Here, I describe the educational focus of the study and outline the methodology. Central to the study was a series of drama lessons (taught by me) based on environmental themes. The lessons link with some of the key aims in Education for Sustainability—to help young people to develop awareness, knowledge and concepts, to encourage positive attitudes and personal lifestyle decisions and to help them to acquire action skills in and for the environment. The locus is within the Scottish education system. A number of key data were generated during the teaching and evaluation of the lessons. These take the form of field notes, children's evaluations of their work and learning, observation schedules, taped interviews with participants and observers and videotapes of the lessons. The analysis of the data is ongoing, but already there is substantial evidence to suggest that the drama was instrumental in helping the children to achieve the learning outcomes set for the lessons. Some of that evidence is presented here. I suggest that the active, participative learning central to drama is particularly useful for allowing children to develop skills in communication, collaboration and expressing ideas and opinions. Also, the immersion in the imagined context and narrative, integral to the ‘stories’ in the drama, allows the children to feel sympathy for and empathy with people who are affected by environmental issues and problems. In giving the children a context for research and in helping them to plan solutions and to suggest alternatives, the drama allows the participants opportunities to rehearse active citizenship and facilitates learning in Education for Sustainability.  相似文献   

Students’ Emotions in the High School Mathematical Class: Appraisals in Terms of a Structure of Goals     

Gustavo Martínez-Sierra  María del Socorro García-González 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(2):349-369

Little research in the field of Mathematics Education is directed towards emotions of students beyond their emotions in problem-solving. In particular, the daily emotions of students in a mathematics class have been sparsely studied in the field of mathematics education. In order to fill this gap, this qualitative research aims to identify high school students’ emotional experiences in the mathematics classroom and identify the appraisal structures that support such emotional experiences. Focus group interviews were carried out until theoretical saturation of the data was achieved (N = 53 in nine focus groups interviews). Data analysis is based on the theory of cognitive structure of emotions, which specifies eliciting situations for each emotion and the variables that affect intensity. The emotional experiences in this structure are as follows: satisfaction, disappointment, hope, fear, joy, distress, boredom, interest, pride, reproach, self-reproach, like and dislike. These results show that the emotional experiences of students are based on their appraisals of events, objects and agents in terms of a structure of goals.  相似文献   

What if privatising higher education becomes an issue? The case of Chile and Mexico     

Gustavo Gregorutti  Oscar Espinoza  Luis Eduardo González  Javier Loyola 《Compare》2016,46(1):136-158

Over the last 30 years, Chile and Mexico have been implementing neoliberal policies to reform their higher education systems. This report compares the development and impact of those policies within three main areas in both countries, namely: (1) trends and characteristics of the growing private higher education sector, (2) commercialisation and business-like trends that private academia is experiencing and, finally, (3) it discusses how all this has created tensioning situations with assessment and accrediting agencies to ensure quality in their private higher education systems. This study shows that private higher education is facing the following challenges in both nations: (1) an uncritical implementation of neoliberal policies, (2) that there is a very unregulated legislation that has allowed many private institutions to profit within loopholes in the law, (3) that quality has become a central concern and some of the mechanisms applied to correct it have not been effective, showing a lack of a comprehensive system of quality assessment, and (4) that enrolment has grown but with several mismatches that challenge the initial goal of advancing economic development through human resources capacities. Alternative policies are discussed.  相似文献   

Victimization and problems of behavior. Two components of profile types of runaway adolescents     

Robert M  Fournier L  Pauzé R 《Child abuse & neglect》2004,28(2):193-208

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the relationship between two explanatory factors connected to the phenomena of runaways and the homeless among adolescents: behavioral problems of youths and parental violence to which they are subjected. The study demonstrates that these two factors are independently related to the different categories of homeless and runaway adolescents. METHODOLOGY: The data was collected from 130 adolescents (12 to 17 years of age) who were runaways for short periods on a recurring basis. Two subgroups were formed: Group A consisted of 79 adolescents who did not exhibit behavioral problems; Group B consisted of the other 51 who did exhibit them. The two groups had certain similar family characteristics (income levels, parents' occupations, structure and stability of the family). RESULTS: The bivariate analyses reveal significant differences between the two groups of runaways relating to: (1) gender, (2) a diagnosed conduct disorder, (3) affiliations with deviant peers, and (4) experiences of parental violence. The discriminant analysis demonstrates that these four variables clearly differentiate the two groups of runaways and predict the appropriate group membership for 84% of the cases. Therefore, the members of Group B have a higher probability of being diagnosed as having a conduct disorder, being male, and associating with delinquent peers. This group had not experienced a higher level of parental violence. The opposite is true for the members of Group A. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that parental violence and behavioral problems are variables that are independently related to the defined categories of runaways. Therefore, these variables do not constitute, as some thinkers have claimed, the components of a unique dynamic able to explain the phenomenon of the runaway. Our results vitiate the doubts sometimes expressed by researchers about the importance of parental violence to the phenomenon of adolescent runaways.  相似文献   

Distributed leadership and middle leadership practice in schools: a disconnect?     

Steinunn Helga Lárusdóttir 《Irish Educational Studies》2017,36(4):423-438

This article reports on a small-scale collaborative research study on middle leadership (ML) in Iceland and Ireland. It explores the ML role using the theoretical lens of distributed leadership (DL). The majority of DL studies to date examine leadership as an organisational resource that can be cultivated and utilised to serve school improvement. This research, however, situates the teacher at the core of DL and commences a discourse on how MLs experience their leadership practice from a DL perspective. The empirical investigation is based on semi-structured focus group interviews across the range of schools in both education contexts. The findings indicate a disconnect between DL theory as outlined in the literature and ML practice as currently experienced in Ireland and Iceland. While a form of DL exists in both contexts, this is strictly at the gift of the Principal rather than a reciprocal relationship with teachers in relation to leading school activities. The findings also signal a need for a proactive approach in School Leadership Preparation Programmes and in Initial Teacher Education to facilitate school leaders and teachers in understanding and adopting a distributed mindset.  相似文献   

Education and training for the third age in the UK: A preliminary report from the Carnegie Inquiry     

Tom Schuller  Anne Marie Bostyn 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1992,38(4):375-392

The paper reports on a British study of education and training for older adults, being carried out as part of a major social investigation, the Carnegie Inquiry into the Third Age. The paper will present a brief factual overview of participation by older adults in education and training of all kinds; identify the primary issues which have emerged from work with student groups around the country, including the main perceived obstacles to actual and potential students; define a policy agenda; and put forward some initial policy proposals. It will include some discussion of the issue of quality and cost-effectiveness in relation to the education of older adults. Finally, specific reference will be made to instances of good practice, amongst employers or educational providers.

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Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel wird eine Studie über Bildung und Fortbildung für ältere Menschen vorgestellt. Sie wird als Teil einer wichtigen sozialen Untersuchung, der Carnegie Untersuchung über das Seniorenalter durchgeführt. Es wird ein kurzer sachlicher Überblick über die Beteiligung älterer Menschen an Bildung und Fortbildung jeglicher Art gegeben und Grundthemen identifiziert, die sich aus der Arbeit mit Studentengruppen im ganzen Land ergeben haben sowie die wesentlichen auftretenden Schwierigkeiten der gegenwärtigen und potentiellen Studenten. Außerdem werden Richtlinien einer zukünftigen Politik aufgestellt und erste Schritte zur Durchführung dieser Politik eingeleitet. Eingeschlossen sind Diskussionen über Qualität und Kosteneffektivität in Bezug auf Bildung für Senioren. Zum Schluß wird auf bestimmte Beispiele guter Bedingungen bei Arbeitgebern oder Bildungsanbietern hingewiesen.

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Résumé Cet article rend compte d'une étude britannique sur l'éducation et la formation des personnes âgées qui fait partie d'une investigation sociale importante, l'enquête Carnegie sur le troisième âge. L'article présente un sommaire des données sur la participation des personnes âgées à tous les genres d'éducation et de formation; il identifie les questions principales — y compris les plus gros obstacles perçus par les étudiants actuels et potentiels — qui résultent des contacts entamés avec des groupes d'étudiants de toute région du pays; il définit les grandes lignes d'une politique; et il propose des premiers pas à prendre pour réaliser cette politique. Il s'adresse également à la question de la qualité et de la rentabilité en ce qui concerne l'éducation des personnes âgées. Finalement, il se réfère à des exemples spécifiques d'une bonne pratique parmi les employeurs et les organismes éducatifs.

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Using a Think-Aloud with Diverse Students: Three Primary Grade Students Experience Chrysanthemum     

Joann?Marie?MigyankaEmail author  Carole?Policastro  Guiqiu?Lui 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2005,33(3):171-177

Many struggling readers, students with English as a second language, and children with disabilities do not engage in the strategies that good readers use when reading for understanding. Reading comprehension depends upon the students’ ability to successfully use strategies to monitor and control their own comprehension. Teachers need to help students develop skills that will aid in reading comprehension. The think-aloud is one strategy that can help struggling readers improve fluency and comprehension. One of the most important components to determine the success of the think-aloud is the teacher’s ability to model and facilitate the think-aloud procedure. The teacher needs to have a basic understanding of what is meant to be accomplished using this method. This article profiles how three teachers model and facilitate a think-aloud with three struggling readers.  相似文献   

Chemistry inside an epistemological community box! Discursive exclusions and inclusions in Swedish National tests in Chemistry     

Marie Ståhl  Anita Hussénius 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2017,12(2):395-423

This study examined the Swedish national tests in chemistry for implicit and explicit values. The chemistry subject is understudied compared to biology and physics and students view chemistry as their least interesting science subject. The Swedish national science assessments aim to support equitable and fair evaluation of students, to concretize the goals in the chemistry syllabus and to increase student achievement. Discourse and multimodal analyses, based on feminist and critical didactic theories, were used to examine the test’s norms and values. The results revealed that the chemistry discourse presented in the tests showed a traditional view of science from the topics discussed (for example, oil and metal), in the way women, men and youth are portrayed, and how their science interests are highlighted or neglected. An elitist view of science emerges from the test, with distinct gender and age biases. Students could interpret these biases as a message that only “the right type” of person may come into the chemistry epistemological community, that is, into this special sociocultural group that harbours a common view about this knowledge. This perspective may have an impact on students’ achievement and thereby prevent support for an equitable and fair evaluation. Understanding the underlying evaluative meanings that come with science teaching is a question of democracy since it may affect students’ feelings of inclusion or exclusion. The norms and values harboured in the tests will also affect teaching since the teachers are given examples of how the goals in the syllabus can be concretized.  相似文献