What do individuals in different science groups within a life sciences organization think about genetic modification?     

Fisher M  Small B  Roth H  Mallon M  Jerebine B 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2005,14(3):317-326

An assessment was undertaken of the attitudes of individuals within the science community towards a program to produce genetically modified cattle for altered milk composition, expectantly allowing for research into the treatment of multiple sclerosis in humans. The majority of respondents to an electronic survey expressed favorable attitudes to the program, thought it beneficial, respected individual freedom and was fair and just and disagreed that it was harmful. A passion for science and having a suitable lifestyle were the most important motivating factors for individuals. Finally, there were a wide range of responses to a number of cultural beliefs or myths. Science grouping significantly affected the responses. Compared with Systems and Land groups, Plant and Reproduction groups more strongly agreed with the project, thought it less harmful to interest groups, felt that genetic modification of animals was more morally acceptable, and more strongly agreed with the myth statements. These results indicate a diversity of beliefs and attitudes towards genetic modification amongst those within the science community, and highlight the importance of understanding ethics and myths in dealing with them. It is suggested that the diversity of beliefs could be better used to help shape public policy and understanding of biotechnology.  相似文献   

Homocysteine status and acute myocardial infarction among Tamilians     

T. Angeline  Rita Mary Aruna  K. Ramadevi  G. Mohan  Nirmala Jeyaraj 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(1):18-20

Myocardial infarction is a major consequence of coronary artery disease. Apart from the traditional risk factors of myocardial infarction, recently many reports have suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia plays important role in myocardial infarction. Plasma homocysteine level was determined in 60 myocardial infarction patients and in 35 age matched healthy individuals. Statistically significant differences (p<0.01) were observed in the mean of plasma homocysteine concentrations between the acute myocardial infarction patients (24.59±6.14 mM/L) and in normal healthy individuals (13.73 ±3.54 mM/L). The level of homocysteine in myocardial infarction patients is significantly high (p <0.01) among myocardial infarction patients when compared to that of the controls. The the present study indicates a strong association between plasma homocysteine and acute myocardial infarction among Tamilians, thus implying plasma homocysteine as a possible risk factor for myocardial infarction.  相似文献   

基于专利的技术融合测度方法及实证研究          下载免费PDF全文

娄岩  杨培培  黄鲁成 《科研管理》2006,40(11):134-145

随着科学社会的发展，多学科领域间不断发生知识流动，使得不同的技术发生融合。对其进行早期识别和探测，将有利于企业及时发现机会，并调整技术创新战略。现有的基于专利的技术融合测量及预测研究尚未形成一个完整的体系。针对此问题，提出一个测度技术融合的框架，该框架以专利数据为依据，从聚合性、耦合性、均衡性三个角度对其进行分析，全方位的分析了技术融合所形成的整体网络以及构成网络的各技术主体，最后对网络的均衡程度进行了研究。以德温特专利数据库中的纯电动汽车技术和信息技术的融合为实例对模型进行验证。最后根据三个维度可以筛选出在融合水平较高且融合范围较广的技术，以及相对较稳定的技术组合。相关企业和研发结构可以根据筛选出的最优技术或技术组合进行选择性研发，推动相关产业的融合升级。  相似文献   

Protective role of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllanthus niruri</Emphasis> against nimesulide induced hepatic damage     

Mary Chatterjee  Parames C. Sil 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(1):109-116

Present study aimed to evaluate the protective role of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) against nimesulide-induced hepatic disoder in mice by determining levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum and also by measuring the hepatic content of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismitase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); the free radical scavenger, reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). Aqueous extract of P. niruri was administered either orally or intraperitoneally in different doses and times as needed for the experiments. Intraperitoneal of the extract (100 mg/kg body weight for seven days) reduced nimesulide (750 mg/kg body weight for 3 days) induced increased levels of GOT (37.0±1.8 units/ml in control group vs. 91.8±2.0 units/ml in nimesulide treated group vs. 35.0±1.0 units/ml in extract treated group), GPT (30.0±2.1 units/ml in control group vs. 88.4±2.9 units/ml in nimesulide treated group vs. 34.1±1.8 units/ml in extract treated group), and ALP (7.86±0.47 KA units/ml in control group vs. 23.80±0.60 KA units/ml in nimesulide treated group vs. 7.30±0.40 KA units/ml, in extract treated group) to almost nomal. In addition, P. niruri restored the nimesulide induced alterations of hepatic SOD (550±20 units/mg total protein in control group vs. 310±13 units/mg total protein in nimesulide treated group vs. 515±10 units/mg total protein in extract treated group), CAT (99.5±2 units/mg total protein in control group vs. 25.0±1.5 units/mg total protein in nimesulide treated group vs. 81.0±0.8 units/mg total protein in extract treated group), GSH (90±3 nmoles/mg total protein in control group vs. 17±4.2 nmoles/mg total protein in nimesulide treated group vs. 81±1 nmoles/mg total protein in extract treated group) and TBARS (measured as MDA, 36.6±3.0 nmoles/g liver tissue in control group vs. 96.3±5.2 nmoles/g liver tissue in nimesulide treated group vs. 41.2±1.7 nmoles/g liver tissue in extract treated group) contents. Dose-dependent studies showed that the herb could protect liver even if the nimesulide-induced injury is severe. Intraperitoneal administration of the extract showed better protective effect than oral administration. Combining all, the data suggest that P. niruri possesses hepatoprotective activity against nimesulide-induced liver toxicity and probably acts via an antioxidant defense mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the hepatoprotective action of P. niruri against nimesulide induced liver damage.  相似文献   

用非放射性标记法研究低密度脂蛋白受体     

楼定安  朱伟民 《科技通报》1994,10(3):137-141

低密度脂蛋白受体（ＬＤＬ－Ｒ）的缺陷是动脉粥样硬化的重要危险因素之一，检测ＬＤＬ－Ｒ对高胆固醇血症的鉴别诊断和治疗具有重要意义，本文总结本实验室多年来应用各种非放射性标记法（如荧光素、过氧化物酶、生物素）或免疫检测法代替经典的放射性配体法研究ＬＤＬ－Ｒ的经验，并推荐在临床检验中以生物素化ＬＤＬ为配体测定外周血单个核细胞ＬＤＬ－Ｒ（即细胞－ＢＡ－ＥＬＳＡ），较为简便、灵敏、经济、实用．  相似文献   

Video as a tool for fostering productive discussions in mathematics professional development     

Hilda Borko  Jennifer JacobsEric Eiteljorg  Mary Ellen Pittman 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2008

This article explores the use of classroom video as a tool for fostering productive discussions about teaching and learning. The setting for our research is a 2-year mathematics professional development program, based on the Problem-Solving Cycle model. This model relies on video from the teachers’ own classrooms and emphasizes creating a community in which members feel comfortable learning from video. We describe our experiences carrying out the Problem-Solving Cycle model, focusing on our use of video, our efforts to promote a supportive and analytical environment, and the ways in which teachers’ conversations around video developed over a 2-year period.  相似文献   

Unpacking Participatory Research in Education   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Helen P. Hansen  Jennaya Ramstead  Stephen Richer  Susan Smith  Mary Stratton 《Interchange》2001,32(3):295-322

The authors of this paper are members of Ottawa Participatory Researchers in Education (OPRE) a group of teachers, university academics, and students attempting to develop research initiatives using democratic and collaborative research approaches. Building on the experiences of the group, the paper examines and problematizes three elements typically ascribed to non-traditional research approaches: a social action focus, a transformative objective, and a participatory process. Particular emphasis is placed on the questions of who participates, in what ways, and under what conditions. As a result of OPRE's experience and self reflection, seven traps of "pseudo-democracy" are identified and illustrated as potential problems in research purporting to embody equal collaboration between university based academics and community members, such as teachers and students. It is argued that in order to further a democratic research process, equality of opportunity to participate cannot be assumed at any stage of the research process. Attention is paid to the following stages: setting the research agenda, the research epistemology, chronology of the project, representativeness of project participants, funding processes, knowledge cultures, and dissemination choices. Conclusions call for raising awareness of the possibility of teachers and students collaborating to identify research issues of mutual concern and developing a controlling role in research where academics are included as consultants and equals, but not as the possessors of superior and controlling research expertise.  相似文献   

Writing Process and Progress: Where Do We Go from Here?   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mary Hilton 《English in Education》2001,35(1):4-11

This article examines the rationale behind the government's methods for raising standards in writing at Key Stage 2. Firstly there is a renewed drive to teach discrete units of sentence grammar. Secondly there is a fresh commitment to shared and guided writing. But, because it is envisaged that these teacher‐led sessions will take up at least half of the Literacy Hour two or three times a week, both these aims will lead to a diminution of time for written composition by the children themselves. This is in accordance with new criticisms by NLS policy makers of the model of ‘process’ embedded in the National Curriculum, particularly the idea of creative pre‐writing activities and sustained independent writing. The article goes on to argue that these new measures ignore research on the ways children learn to write and will not lead to a rise in standards.  相似文献   

The International Adult Literacy Survey: What Does It Really Measure?     

Mary Hamilton  David Barton 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2000,25(3):377-389

The paper evaluates the work of the International Adult Literacy Survey as reported in OECD 1997. It assesses its contribution to understanding literacy in terms of the perspective of the New Literacy Studies. It outlines this perspective as a basis for a critique that is mostly concerned with the validity of the test. Three criticisms of the survey are made: that it provides only a partial picture of literacy; that culture is treated as bias; and that the test items do not represent the real-life items as claimed. Finally, the paper concludes with an overall evaluation of what the IALS achieves in terms of its own aims.  相似文献   

Pigeons transfer between conditional discriminations with differential outcomes in the absence of differential-sample-responding cues     

Lou M. Sherburne  Thomas R. Zentall 《Learning & behavior》1995,23(3):273-279

Pigeons were trained to perform two independent zero-delay conditional discriminations involving the same differential outcomes (i.e., food vs. a feeder light) and were then tested by replacing the samples from one of the tasks with those from the other. Differential responding to the two samples was required in Phase 1, in Phase 2, in neither phase, or in both phases. Half the pigeons in each group were then tested with associations that were either consistent with the presumed outcome expectancies established during Phases 1 and 2 (positive transfer condition) or inconsistent with those expectancies (negative transfer condition). The magnitude of the transfer effect was largest in the group that could use differential sample responding as a cue to mediate transfer, but significant transfer effects were also found in the groups that could use only outcome expectancies. Thus, differential sample responding contributes to, but does not account for, the differential-outcomes effect.  相似文献