Preschool Children's Judgments about Hypothetical and Actual Transgressions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Judith G. Smetana  Naomi Schlagman  Patricia Walsh Adams 《Child development》1993,64(1):202-214

Preschoolers' ( N = 112) judgments about hypothetical and actual moral and conventional transgressions were examined. Equal numbers of boys and girls at 2 ages (3 and 4 years old) either made judgments about 8 hypothetical moral and conventional transgressions or were interviewed on the same dimensions about 8 naturally occurring moral and conventional transgressions they witnessed in their preschools. Children judged both hypothetical and actual moral transgressions to be more serious, punishable, generalizably wrong, and independent of rules and authority than conventional transgressions. Regardless of domain, hypothetical transgressions were judged to be more wrong independent of rules than actual transgressions, and hypothetical (but not actual) moral transgressions were judged to be more independent of rules than conventional transgressions. 3-year-old girls judged the wrongness of actual moral transgressions to be more independent of authority than did 3-year-old boys. Similar findings were obtained when hypothetical and actual transgressions were matched, and domain differences were still obtained when individual items were examined. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research on preschoolers' conceptions of rules and transgressions.  相似文献   

Navigating Mandates and Working toward Coherence: Our Journey with a High-Stakes Teacher Performance Assessment     

Connor K. Warner  Clare V. Bell  Patricia Alvarez McHatton  Julia Atiles 《The Educational forum》2020,84(3):226-239

Abstract

This article details the experiences of four teacher education faculty members as we navigated the consequential implementation of a state-mandated high stakes teacher performance assessment in our educator preparation program. By shifting our perspective from simply complying with an assessment mandate to considering how we can leverage implementation of high stakes performance assessment as a vehicle for program inquiry, we were able to gain significant insight into our practice.  相似文献   

The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: A systematic review     

Patricia Tucker 《Early childhood research quarterly》2008

This systematic review presents research on the physical activity levels of preschool-aged children (aged 2–6 years). Thirty-nine primary studies (published 1986–2007) representing a total of 10,316 participants (5236 male and 5080 female), from seven countries are described and the physical activity behaviors of this population are considered in accordance with the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) physical activity guidelines for preschoolers. Upon review of the evidence, it is apparent that nearly half of preschool-aged children do not engage in sufficient physical activity. Current recommendations suggest a minimum of 60 min of physical activity per day; only 54% of participants throughout the studies achieved this. Furthermore, as with other age groups, boys participate in considerably more physical activity than girls. It is clear from this systematic review that nearly half of children studied are not meeting the recommended guidelines for physical activity. Therefore, effective interventions that promote and foster physical activity in children are necessary, especially in females. However, a more objective physical activity guideline for preschoolers is necessary; measurement of activity needs to become more unified to compare and track activity more effectively.  相似文献   

你的暑期娱乐活动是什么?(英文)     

Patricia McNamara  果果 《英语沙龙》2008,(Z1)

期末考试结束了,终于可以放假了!你想怎样度过这个暑假呢?是和朋友们痛痛快快地玩一场,还是在这个暑假实施你早已制定好的暑期计划呢?  相似文献   

Comparing Automatic and Manual Measures of Parent–Infant Conversational Turns: A Word of Caution     

Naja Ferjan Ramírez  Daniel S. Hippe  Patricia K. Kuhl 《Child development》2021,92(2):672-681

The Language ENvironment Analysis system (LENA) records children’s language environment and provides an automatic estimate of adult–child conversational turn count (CTC). The present study compares LENA’s CTC estimate to manually coded CTC on a sample of 70 English-speaking infants recorded longitudinally at 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 months of age. At each age, LENA’s CTC was significantly higher than manually coded CTC (all ps < .001, Cohen’s ds: 0.9–2.05), with the largest discrepancies between the two methods observed at younger ages. The Limits of Agreement Analyses confirm wide disagreements between the two methods, highlighting potential problems with automatic measurement of parent–infant verbal interaction. These findings suggest that future studies should validate LENA’s CTC estimates with manual coding.  相似文献   

Developing and Using Multiple Models to Promote Scientific Literacy in the Context of Socio-Scientific Issues     

Ke  Li  Sadler  Troy D.  Zangori  Laura  Friedrichsen  Patricia J. 《Science & Education》2021,30(3):589-607

Science & Education - Learning science in the context of socio-scientific issues (SSI) can promote scientific literacy that links science to everyday life and society. In this position paper,...  相似文献   

A Biotechnology Web Site: Toward 'Electronic Democracy'?     

Patricia Radin 《The Information Society》1996,12(1):83-88

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Scientific coats of arms     

Fara P 《Endeavour》2005,29(3):101-103

With their mythical creatures and arcane symbolism, coats of arms seem to have little connection with modern science. Yet despite its chivalric origins, the ancient language of heraldry has long fascinated famous scientists. Although this idiosyncratic tradition was parodied by Victorian geologists, who laughingly replaced unicorns and griffins with images of dinosaurs that they had recently discovered, it has been perpetuated since by Ernest Rutherford, who liked to present himself as a new alchemist.  相似文献   

I. Introduction     

Patricia J. Bauer  Jennifer Wenner  Patricia L. Dropik  & Sandi S. Wewerka 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2000,65(4):1-24

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Appendix B: Potential Effects on Children's Performance of Features of the Research Design     

Patricia J. Bauer  Jennifer Wenner  Patricia L. Dropik  & Sandi S. Wewerka 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2000,65(4):172-183

In addition to the variables of interest in this research (namely, age, delay, sequence type, mode of experience, and verbal reminders), children's performance may have been affected by a number of features of the research design. This Appendix is a report of the results of analyses of three potential influences on the children's performance. First, we examined the possibility that the particular experimenter who conducted the session might have affected the children's performance. Second, we examined the possibility that conclusions regarding children's recall of the event sequences were qualified by specific event sequence effects. Third, we examined the possibility that differences in the lengths of the child-controlled response periods might account for the patterns of effects observed. Although in each case some effects obtained, in no case did the findings present substantive qualifications to the major patterns described in the body of the text.  相似文献