Cognitive load measurements and stimulated recall interviews for studying the effects of information and communications technology     

Pieter J. Beers  Henny P. A. Boshuizen  Paul A. Kirschner  Wim Gijselaers  Jochem Westendorp 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(3):309-328

Many researchers use information and communications technology (ICT)-tools to augment learning in a great variety of tasks. Their effects are generally measured in terms of intended outcomes. This article argues for the use of additional, more general measures to obtain a more complete impression of the effects of ICT-tools. The first study presented in this article shows why tools should not only be studied in terms of their specific intended outcomes, but also in terms of their effects on working memory, and the cognitive mechanisms needed to achieve the intended outcomes. The second study uses cognitive load measurements and stimulated recall interviews to obtain a more comprehensive view of the effects of learning tools. Results suggest that traditional outcome measures need to be complemented with quantitative and qualitative measures of cognitive processes to substantiate conclusions about intended effects of ICT-tools.

Pieter J. BeersEmail:

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Silence or the sound of limpid water: disability,power, and the educationalisation of silence     

Pieter Verstraete 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2017,53(5):498-513

Abstract

In this article the history of silence is looked at from an educational perspective. By closely examining the way three nineteenth-century authors – who all based their educational theories on concrete experiences with persons with disabilities – have related themselves to silence, it will be argued that silence has been educationalised. Silence has been increasingly integrated in the teacher’s official tool box in order to make sure a new kind of discipline can be encountered in the classroom. The educationalisation of silence that can be found in the works of Jean-Marc Itard, Edouard Seguin and Maria Montessori seems to have been paralleled by a transformation in the way power was wielded over pupils in schools. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, silence seems to have lost its ability to symbolise critique and increasingly to have been used to steer the behaviour of children in a subtle way. In other words, by closely looking at the work of Itard, Séguin and Montessori one can see how silence became an integral part of a new educational landscape that tried to seduce children to do particular things and act in a particular way. In nineteenth-century schools the sound of docility would indeed gradually be replaced by the seduction of silence.  相似文献   

An evaluation of spelling pronunciations as a means of improving spelling of orthographic markers     

Verena Thaler  Karin Landerl  Pieter Reitsma 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2008,23(1):3-23

In 4 studies we tested the efficacy of artificial, letter based pronunciations to support poor spellers in building up stable orthographic representations. In all 4 studies children’s spelling skills improved during training. However, the experimental group who was trained to articulate a spelling pronunciation before spelling the word did not show a larger benefit than a well matched control group receiving the same type of training, but without spelling pronunciations. Thus, in a series of well-controlled studies using different sets of training words and slightly different training methods spelling pronunciations turned out not to be of specific help to acquire word spellings. On the contrary, knowledge of spelling pronunciations seems to be a by-product of acquiring the correct spelling.  相似文献   

Unravelling gender composition effects on rule-breaking at school: a focus on study attitudes     

Jannick Demanet  Pieter Vanderwegen  Hans Vermeersch  Mieke Van Houtte 《Gender and education》2013,25(4):466-485

Previous research on consequences of schools' gender composition has mostly investigated students' socio-emotional well-being and achievement, while students' academic attitudes and behavioural outcomes – including school deviancy – have been studied less. Moreover, most studies compared single-sex and coeducational schools, and did not focus on the proportion of girls at school. Starting from reference group theory, we hypothesise that boys attending schools with a higher proportion of girls adopt the latter's positive study attitudes, rendering them less susceptible to disruptive behaviour. Conversely, girls in schools with more boys are expected to adopt the latter's negative study attitudes, consequently being more likely to misbehave. Multilevel analyses on data from the Flemish educational assessment, consisting of 5961 girls and 5638 boys in 81 schools, showed that both boys and girls valued studying more and were less likely to misbehave at school when proportionally more girls attended their school. Implications are discussed.  相似文献   

Applying Visitor Preference Criteria to Choose Pro‐wildlife Behaviors to Ask of Zoo Visitors     

Liam Smith  Betty Weiler  Amy Smith  Pieter van Dijk 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2012,55(4):453-466

Abstract Many zoos now emphasize that their role in conservation includes influencing the behavior of their visitors for the benefit of wild animals. However, there is limited evidence of behavioral change to support this emphasis; one reason may be that requested behaviors are not viewed favorably by zoo visitors. The purpose of the present study was to involve zoo staff in a process of identifying and prioritizing pro‐wildlife behaviors using a set of criteria that noted what zoo visitors prefer. This was achieved by replicating Smith’s (2009a) study but including visitor‐preferred attributes identified in Smith, Curtis, and van Dijk (2010) . Across several zoos in Australia, 152 staff members participated in seven Nominal Group Technique workshops. Initially over 500 behaviors were identified and prioritized, first by filtering behavior lists, then by participants voting on behaviors. When voting, participants tended to choose behaviors promoting wildlife‐friendly consumerism and donations.  相似文献   

Three dimensional musculoskeletal modelling of the seated biceps curl resistance training exercise     

Nolte K  Krüger PE  Els PS 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(2):146-160

The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and limitations of using three dimensional (3D) musculoskeletal modelling (LifeModeler) in assessing the safety and efficacy of exercising on a seated biceps curl resistance training machine. Three anthropometric cases were studied, representing a 5th percentile female, 50th percentile and 95th percentile male. Results indicated that the LifeModeler default model was not adequate to solve the forward dynamics simulations. Therefore adjustments had to be made to the default model to successfully complete the forward dynamics simulations. The software was able to sufficiently highlight the shortcomings of the biceps curl machine's engineered adjustability in relation to the anthropometric dimensions of the studied cases, as the 5th percentile female could not be accommodated suitably on the machine. High lumbar spine anterior/posterior shear forces for all anthropometric cases and maximum muscle tensions for the female and 50th percentile male indicate that the seated biceps curl exercise may pose risks for injuries. To conclude, it appears that 3D musculoskeletal modelling can be used to evaluate resistance training equipment such as the seated biceps curl machine. However the limitations as indicated by this study must be taken into consideration, especially when using the default LifeModeler model.  相似文献   

Running speed-induced changes in foot contact pattern influence impact loading rate     

Bastiaan Breine  Philippe Malcolm  Samuel Galle  Pieter Fiers  Edward C. Frederick  Dirk De Clercq 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):774-783

Purpose. We aimed to determine the effect of speed-induced changes in foot contact patterns on the vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR). We hypothesized that transition runners, i.e. runners that shift towards a mid- (MF) or forefoot contact pattern (FF) when running speed increases, show smaller increases in VILR than non-transition runners, i.e. runners that remain with a rearfoot contact pattern (RF).

Methods. Fifty-two male and female runners ran overground at 3.2, 4.1, 5.1 and 6.2?m?s^?1. Ground reaction forces, lower limb sagittal plane knee and ankle kinematics and plantar pressures were recorded. Multi-level linear regression models were used to assess differences between transition and non-transition runners.

Results. Non-transition runners experienced larger speed-induced increases in VILR (48.6?±?2.6?BW?s^?1 per m?s^?1) than transition runners (–1.4?±?7.6?BW?s^?1 per m?s^?1). Transition runners showed higher VILRs and a more flat foot touch down at the same pre-transition speed than non-transition runners.

Conclusion. When running speed increases, some runners transition towards more anterior foot contact patterns. This reduces or even eliminates the speed-induced increase in VILR. This result is especially the case for those RF runners who already have relatively high VILRs and flat foot positioning at slower running speeds.  相似文献   

Personal development of disadvantaged youth through community sports: a theory-driven analysis of relational strategies     

Pieter Debognies  Hebe Schaillée  Reinhard Haudenhuyse  Marc Theeboom 《Sport in Society》2019,22(6):897-918

Abstract

Participant–practitioner relationships in community ‘sport-for-development’ practices are seen as central in working towards broader developmental outcomes. Using Noddings’ Ethics of Care as an analytical framework, we investigated relational strategies of practitioners in three community sport practices (Belgium) to understand the personal developmental potential of these relationships. Based on the data (participatory observations, interviews, focus groups), we identified the following themes that are viewed as fundamental in building relationships that hold the potential to instigate personal development for young people in disadvantaged situations: (a) time demanding interactions, (b) authenticity of practitioners, (c) equalizing expertise, (d) non-judgmental approach, (e) practitioners’ cultural capital, (f) co-organizing activities, (g) a ‘thousand chances’ philosophy, and (h) providing individual support. The identified themes can be used to develop youth-centred and qualitative evaluation methodologies that are more congruent with the daily work of community sport workers and, by doing so, go beyond a narrow quantitative ‘outcome-fixated’ evaluation dogma.  相似文献   

Mastery of the counting principles in toddlers: A crucial step in the development of budding arithmetic abilities?     

Pieter Stock  Annemie Desoete  Herbert Roeyers 《Learning and individual differences》2009,19(4):419-422

Counting abilities have been described as determinative precursors for a good development of later arithmetic abilities. Mastery of the stable order, the one–one-correspondence and the cardinality principles can be seen as essential features for the development of counting abilities. Mastery of the counting principles in kindergarten was assessed in a large group of children with a broad range of arithmetic abilities (N = 423). Not all children mastered the counting principles by the end of kindergarten. Mastery of the counting principles in kindergarten was predictive for arithmetic abilities one year later in first grade, especially for scores on arithmetic achievement tests. Children sharing a common educational background tend to have more similar scores on arithmetic tests, yet the importance of mastery of the essential counting principles in the prediction of later arithmetic achievement was the same for all classrooms.  相似文献   

User-centered E-Government in practice: A comprehensive model for measuring user satisfaction   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pieter  Gino   《Government Information Quarterly》2009,26(3):487-497

New information and communication technologies (ICT) offer the government new possibilities for providing citizens and businesses with better, more efficient services. Criticism about the provision of E-Government services, however, has proposed a more user-oriented approach. The user needs to be placed at the center of the development and the provision of electronic public services. Simultaneously, it is important to investigate the impact of the new services on customers. User satisfaction may indeed have a decisive influence on large-scale adoption and use of E-Government services.This article describes the development of a comprehensive model for measuring user satisfaction in the context of E-Government. It rethinks the e-strategies of government and subsequently presents a conceptual model derived from ICT acceptance theory. Both quantitative as well as qualitative research have been carried out in order to elaborate the model and to formulate adequate indicators for measuring user satisfaction.The measurement model has been tested using data from five Flemish E-Government websites. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied in order to investigate the goodness of fit of the model and the underlying indicators. Based on the results, it becomes possible to reduce the list of indicators to nine items, still covering the full conceptual model. With this shortlist of satisfaction determinants, E-Government suppliers would be able to get a clear view on acceptance of their internet services by the users.  相似文献