Confusion and complex learning during interactions with computer learning environments     

Blair Lehman  Sidney D'Mello  Art Graesser 《The Internet and Higher Education》2012,15(3):184-194

Folk wisdom holds that being confused is detrimental to learning. However, research on emotions and learning suggest a somewhat more complex relationship between confusion and learning outcomes. In fact, it has been proposed that impasses that trigger states of cognitive disequilibrium and confusion can create opportunities for deep learning of conceptually difficult content. This paper discusses four computer learning environments that either naturally or artificially induce confusion in learners in order to create learning opportunities. First, an Intelligent Tutoring System called AutoTutor that engenders confusion through challenging problems and vague hints is described. The remaining three environments were specifically designed to induce confusion through a number of different interventions. These interventions include device breakdowns, contradictory information, and false feedback. The success and limitations of confusion induction and the impact of confusion resolution on learning are discussed. Potential methods to help learners productively manage their confusion instead of being hopelessly confused are also discussed.  相似文献   

Dynamics of affective states during complex learning     

Sidney D’Mello  Art Graesser 《Learning and Instruction》2012,22(2):145-157

We propose a model to explain the dynamics of affective states that emerge during deep learning activities. The model predicts that learners in a state of engagement/flow will experience cognitive disequilibrium and confusion when they face contradictions, incongruities, anomalies, obstacles to goals, and other impasses. Learners revert into the engaged/flow state if equilibrium is restored through thought, reflection, and problem solving. However, failure to restore equilibrium as well as obstacles that block goals trigger frustration, which, if unresolved, will eventually lead to boredom. The major hypotheses of the model were supported in two studies in which participants completed a 32-35 min tutoring session with a computer tutor. Their affective states were tracked at approximately 110 points in their tutoring sessions via a retrospective affect judgment protocol. Time series analyses confirmed the presence of confusion-engagement/flow, boredom-frustration, and confusion-frustration oscillations. We discuss enhancements of the model to address individual differences and pedagogical and motivational strategies that are inspired by the model.  相似文献   

The basis of liability for broadcasting defamatory remarks     

Sidney A. Diamond 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(1):40-43

In an article that appeared in Winter 1958–1959 issue of the Journal of Broadcasting, Profesor Gordon Greb added a new contender for the title of “oldest station in the nation.”; As a result, KQW has joined KDKA, WHA and WWJ as a candidate for the honor of primacy in American radio broadcasting. Although Greb's article created as much interest and controversy as any that has appeared in the Journal, it did not—and could not—still the confidence of the other claimants.

In the instant article, Mr. R. Franklin Smith does the field of historical radio research a service by setting forth, for the first time, a logical set of criteria by which to judge these conflicting claims. To illustrate he has utilized early records of WHA. Using these criteria, it is shown that WHA cannot claim to have been a true broadcasting station before the latter part of 1920. Comparison of the claims of the several contenders is outside the scope of this article. However, it would be extremely interesting if these criteria were applied to the conflicting claims by persons having access to the detailed station records and other data necessary for thorough analysis.

Perhaps Mr. Smith has given us the impetus and the tools necessary for determining which station really was the “oldest in the nation.”  相似文献   

By Comparison: A Procession of Incomes. What Do You Really Mean?     

Sidney Tyrrell 《Teaching Statistics》2003,25(2):59-61

The Family Expenditure Survey provides details of household incomes. This article looks at income distribution afresh and what is meant by the mean.  相似文献   

Ups and Downs on the Roads     

Sidney Tyrrell 《Teaching Statistics》2001,23(1):20-21

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Making it: A principal remembers     

Sidney Trubowitz 《The Urban Review》1972,5(5):10-12

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Decentralization 5 years on: A principal's view     

Sidney H. Morison 《The Urban Review》1974,7(3):197-206

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Print Media and PR     

Sidney L. Jackson  Barbara Nykoruk  Doug Newsom  Alan Scott  Richard Weiner 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(9):110-111

Sidney L. Jackson's Libraries and Librarianship in the West: A Brief History (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974---price not given, hardback)

Barbara Nykoruk (ed.) Authors in the News (Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research Co., 1976---$24.00)

Doug Newsom and Alan Scott's This is PRI The Realities of Public Relations (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1976---$12.95 1 with an instructor's manual available as well)

Richard Weiner's Professional's Guide to Publicity (Richard Weinter, Inc., 888 Seventh Ave., New York 10019---$6.95, paper)

Richard Weiner's Syndicated Columnists (hardbound, 154 pages, $20.00)  相似文献   

Short report Further efforts in validating a 'spurning scale' for teachers     

Wai H. Cheuk  Kwok S. Wong  Sidney Rosen 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(2):219-225

The present study represents our continuing effort to validate a 'spurning scale' for teachers, based on a model on spurned helpers' reactions. Three approaches were used to examine the validity of the scale: the spurning scores of teachers working with more achieving students vs the scores of teachers teaching less achieving students. The relationships between the spurning scores and job satisfaction and turnover scores; and the relationships between the spurning scores and scores indicative of stress arising from interactions with one's students and supervisor. Serving teachers in Hong Kong responded to a questionnaire that contained the variables of interest. The results provided further evidence for the validity of the scale.  相似文献   

Framing Health Care Instruction: An Information Literacy Handbook for the Health Sciences     

Hilary Kraus 《Public Services Quarterly》2020,16(2):105-106

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