Influence of voluntary coffee certifications on cooperatives’ advisory services and agricultural practices of smallholder farmers in Costa Rica     

Anna Snider  Eva Kraus  Nicole Sibelet  Aske Skovmand Bosselmann  Guy Faure 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2016,22(5):435-453

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This article explores how voluntary certifications influence the way cooperatives provide advisory services to their members and the influence of these services on agricultural practices. Design/Methodology/Approach: Case studies were conducted in four representative Costa Rican cooperatives interviewing twenty interviewed cooperative administrators and members to determine changes in advisory services and farming practices over the past twenty years and factors which influenced those changes. Findings: Certifications induce cooperatives to offer new services to support farmers. Cooperatives form collaborations with new stakeholders or reconfigure existing collaborations to provide advisory services to their members. These services have helped to shape farmers’ attitudes about sustainable farming practices, though farm-level changes may be small. The main change at the cooperative level is adding new topics for group training, and certification issues are directly linked with practices such as maintaining a farm record book or wearing a mask when applying pesticides. Practices which compete with productivity are unlikely to change. Practical Implications: The results are useful to improve the advisory services provided by cooperatives by better identifying the key issues to be addressed to fulfill the certifications’ requirements. Theoretical implications: Cooperatives are a relevant player to induce more sustainable practices, by providing or coordinating advisory services, but their efforts cannot be seen disconnected from a broader institutional environment. Originality/Value: We demonstrate that certifications change the intensity and scope of advisory services and induce cooperatives to engage with a more diverse network of stakeholders.  相似文献   

Archives in the trenches: repatriation of African National Congress liberation archives in diaspora to South Africa     

Mpho Ngoepe  Sidney Netshakhuma 《Archival Science》2018,18(1):51-71

The African National Congress (ANC) liberation archives were created in countries all over the world. These liberation archives form part of the national archival heritage of South Africa as they bridge the gap of undocumented history of people who were previously marginalised by the apartheid government. After the ban on liberation movements was lifted in South Africa, the ANC embarked on the process of identification and repatriation of the records that were fragmented throughout the world. This study investigated the approaches followed by the ANC in identifying and repatriating its liberation archives from the trenches to make them accessible. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with purposively selected employees of the African National Congress, MultiChoice, Africa Media Online and the Nelson Mandela Foundation who were involved in the repatriation of the liberation archives. Interview data were augmented through content analysis of ANC documents such as policies, websites and annual reports, as well as observation of the storage conditions of the liberation archives. The key findings revealed that the ANC established an archives management committee that played an important role in the identification, repatriation and, ultimately, digitisation of liberation archives. The committee utilised former liberation struggle members to identify records in ANC hosts in various countries. It was established that, although the ANC was aware of where its records were abroad, not all its records were repatriated to South Africa after the unbanning of the liberation movements. For example, there were host nations, like Italy, that disputed the return of the ANC liberation archives to South Africa. The liberation archives are in the custody of the Fort Hare University as a chosen official repository for the ANC. It is concluded that the repatriation of the liberation archives is an ongoing process, as not all records have been repatriated to South Africa. As the ANC is in power at the time of writing, this is the opportunity for the organisation to negotiate with countries that still have custody of its liberation archives, such as Italy, to repatriate such records to South Africa. A further study on legal ownership and copyright, digitisation and ensuring the authenticity of the ANC liberation archives is recommended. This study can be extended to other liberation movements in southern Africa.  相似文献   

Feeling Bad About Feel-Good Ads: The Emotional and Body-Image Ramifications of Body-Positive Media     

Ashley Kraus  Jessica Gall Myrick 《Communication Research Reports》2018,35(2):101-111

In recent years beauty companies have produced advertising campaigns purporting to make women feel better about their bodies and reverse the damage of thin-ideal media (e.g., The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty). Despite being celebrated in the popular press for the effort, little is known about how effective these advertisements are at healing issues of poor body image. In addition, little work has been done to explore the relationship between discrete emotions and body image. The present study was an experiment aimed at capturing the different discrete emotions experienced in a body-positive advertisement compared to traditional beauty ad. Findings assert that participants reported experiencing positive (e.g., elevation and hope) and negative (e.g., guilt and pride) discrete emotions significantly more than their counterparts in the traditional beauty ad condition. Results also show no significant difference in postexposure thin-ideal internalization between the two conditions.  相似文献   

Performance characteristics of Parkour practitioners: Who are the traceurs?     

Sidney Grosprêtre  Romuald Lepers 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):526-535

Parkour is a modern physical activity that consists of using the environment, mostly urban, as a playground of obstacles. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate age, anthropometric and training characteristics of Parkour practitioners, called ‘traceurs’ and (ii) to assess jump performances and muscular characteristics of traceurs, compared to those of gymnasts and power athletes. The mean age of the population of traceurs studied (n?=?130) was 19.4?±?4.3 years, women represented 12.4% of the total field and mean training volume was 8.1?±?0.5?hours/week. Vertical and long jump performances were analysed on smaller samples of participants (four groups, n?=?15 per group); and eccentric (?90°?s^?1, ?30°?s^?1), concentric (30°?s^?1, 90°?s^?1) and isometric knee extensors torques were evaluated by means of an isokinetic dynamometer. Traceurs showed greater (P?P?P?P?相似文献   

Silent reading fluency using underlining: Evidence for an alternative method of assessment     

Katherine W. Price  Elizabeth B. Meisinger  Max M. Louwerse  Sidney K. D'Mello 《Psychology in the schools》2012,49(6):606-618

Assessing silent reading fluency in classroom environments is challenging. This article reports on a method of assessing silent reading using underlining, an approach that solves many problems other silent reading fluency assessment measures face. This method computationally monitors readers' silent reading fluency by the speed they underline words in a text. Traditional silent reading fluency measures were compared with the new underlining methodology. Fourth‐ and sixth‐grade students completed silent reading fluency measures (i.e., moving windows, underlining, and paper‐and‐pencil reading tasks), along with measures of their oral reading fluency, reading comprehension, and vocabulary knowledge. Strong alternate‐form reliability coefficients were found for underlining, which significantly correlated with other measures of silent reading fluency and reading comprehension. Underlining methodology also correlated with common language factors, such as word length and word frequency. Together, these results provide support for the psychometric properties of underlining and suggest that it is a promising alternative method of assessing silent reading fluency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Teaching Is a Natural Cognitive Ability for Humans     

Sidney Strauss  Margalit Ziv 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2012,6(4):186-196

We suggest that a multidisciplinary approach to teaching has potential to widen its scope. In that vein, we revisit our original claim that teaching is a natural cognitive ability among humans. We elaborate on three requirements for such an ability and report that, first, teaching strategies may be developmentally reliable. Findings indicate a possible normative developmental trajectory from age one year through adulthood. Second, teaching seems to be species‐typical, that is, it is a universal human achievement. Third, human teaching with a theory of mind (ToM) is species‐unique. Nonhuman animals may teach without a ToM.  相似文献   

Reexamining LGBT Resources on College Counseling Center Websites: An Over-time and Cross-country Analysis     

Christopher J. McKinley  Yi Luo  Paul J. Wright  Ashley Kraus 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1):112-129

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students continue to perceive a hostile climate on college campuses. For students facing these challenges, the university college counseling center website (CCW) may serve as a critical resource. This study provides an updated content analysis of the prevalence of LGBT communication on CCWs. Results showed that there remains a lack of LGBT-specific information about services provided on US CCWs. Furthermore, over-time analyses of 2008 and 2013 data showed that there have been no significant increases in any LGBT communication, and CCWs from religious schools continue to provide significantly less LGBT-related communication than nonreligious institutions. Separate analyses of UK CCWs showed that these websites were more likely than US CCWs to make any mention of LGBT issues but less likely to note group counseling services, links to LGBT-specific pamphlets, and educational outreach services offered. Overall, given attractive features of online health information, as well as the extent that students value CCWs, institutions must pursue stronger efforts to promote LGBT-related web counseling information.  相似文献   

A Phonetic Study of Young Children’s Speech     

Ch. F. Voegelin  Sidney Adams 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(2):107-116

Abstract. The author examined the effectiveness of training in symbolic logic for improving students' deductive reasoning. A total of 116 undergraduate students (approximately equal numbers of men and women) enrolled in 1st-year university philosophy courses in symbolic logic participated in 2 studies. In both studies, students completed booklets of categorical and conditional syllogisms at the beginning of the course and again at the end of the course. In Study 2, students also specified their reasoning strategies. Results indicated that students' strategies changed with training (students increased their use of mental models and mental rules with categorical and conditional syllogisms, respectively), but their reasoning performance improved only moderately. The educational implications of these results are explored.  相似文献   

Achievement motivation and gifted students: A social cognitive perspective     

David Yun Dai  Sidney M. Moon  John F. Feldhusen 《教育心理学家》2013,48(2-3):45-63

The purpose of this article is to provide an illustrative review of recent research on achievement motivation and gifted students from a social cognitive perspective. The review discusses several constructs that have been a focus of motivation research: perceived competence and self-efficacy, attributions, goal orientations, and intrinsic motivation. For each construct, motivational research from the general motivation literature and from the field of gifted and talented studies are critiqued and compared. The review suggests that a general social cognitive perspective is a useful theoretical framework for research on motivational processes involved in the intellectual and personal development of gifted and talented students and that a process-oriented model is superior to a static model for research on both giftedness and achievement motivation. Implications of the review for future research on motivation and talent development are discussed.  相似文献   

A national survey of NAB member stations' support of broadcasting education     

Sidney Kraus 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(1):87-107

In the Spring of 1962 the Journal of Broadcasting published a “Directory of Scholarships for Students of Broadcasting” an amalgamation of compilations by Gordon Greb (for the Council on Radio‐Television Journalism of the Association for Education in Journalism and the Radio‐Television News Directors Association) and Sidney Kraus (for the Association for Professional Broadcasting Education). This directory, although listing scholarships worth more than a quarter million dollars, named fewer than 30 as coming from broadcasting stations, group ownership, or state broadcaster associations. In the compilation that follows, even though it is restricted to NAB member stations, more than 90 stations report granting scholarships to students of broadcasting. Surely, this represents a vast increase in the amount of student aid and recognition, and not merely underreporting on the earlier survey.

The following study had its genesis in a discussion between Dr. Kraus and Howard Bell, then vice‐president for Planning and Development and Assistant to the President of the National Association of Broadcasters and Executive Secretary of the Association for Professional Broadcasting Education (now Director of the NAB Code Authority). The NAB sent the questionnaires to its membership; Dr. Kraus compiled the results. Although Dr. Kraus and his associates made several checks on the data, it is possible that some errors remain, for which the Journal apologizes in advance. The following data apply to NAB member stations as of early 1963, and do not of course detail the financial support given broadcasting students by all of America's broadcasting stations. Some changes in format were made by the Journal staff, and some minor data (notably the number of stations responding from certain states and the call letters of stations approached by schools for scholarships in some states) are presently unavailable due to the change in location by Dr. Kraus from Bloomington, Indiana (where he was Assistant Professor in the Department of Radio and Television at Indiana University) to Chicago (where he recently assumed the title of Assistant to the President of Roosevelt University).  相似文献