Challenging Temperament,Teacher–Child Relationships,and Behavior Problems in Urban Low-Income Children: A Longitudinal Examination     

Meghan P. McCormick  Ashley R. Turbeville  Sophie P. Barnes  Sandee G. McClowry 《Early education and development》2014,25(8):1198-1218

Research Findings: Racial/ethnic minority low-income children with temperaments high in negative reactivity are at heightened risk for developing disruptive behavior problems. Teacher–child relationships characterized by high levels of closeness and low levels of conflict may protect against the development of disruptive behaviors in school. The present study examined whether teacher–child closeness and conflict moderated the association between temperamental negative reactivity and growth in disruptive behaviors in low-income Black and Hispanic kindergarten and 1st-grade children. Findings revealed that negative reactivity predicted higher overall levels of in-school disruptive behavior problems at the beginning of kindergarten as well as growth in behavior problems over kindergarten and 1st grade. However, the effect of negative reactivity on disruptive behaviors was attenuated when children had relationships with teachers characterized by high levels of closeness and low levels of conflict. Practice or Policy: Implications for further research and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

Access and retention in French higher education: student drop-out as a form of regulation     

Romuald Bodin  Sophie Orange 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2018,39(1):126-143

Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory and using Durkheim’s concepts of ‘social fact’ and ‘regulation’, this article examines the place held by public universities within the French higher education (HE) system, breaking with the purely bureaucratic vision prevailing in France today. By setting aside some of the main received ideas about the effects and meanings of student selection and drop-out, the article suggests that public universities play an essential role in regulating the successive flows of first-generation students through French HE. It is precisely because public universities are non-selective that they are able to play this role. Finally, the distribution of HE choices and students’ dropping out are both considered as products of a structural and institutional process of regulation.  相似文献   

Early Literacy Predictors and Second-Grade Outcomes in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing     

J. Bruce Tomblin  Jake Oleson  Sophie E. Ambrose  Elizabeth A. Walker  Mary P. Moeller 《Child development》2020,91(1):e179-e197

This study contrasted the early literacy outcomes of children who are hard of hearing (CHH) with children with normal hearing (CNH). At age 5, prereading skills of oral language, phonological processing, and print knowledge were examined in CHH (N = 180) and CNH (N = 80). The CHH had poorer oral language and phonological processing abilities than the CNH but comparable knowledge of print. At age 8, measures of word reading, and reading comprehension yielded no differences between CHH (N = 108) and CNH (N = 62) except for reading comprehension for the moderately severe CHH. Reading achievement in CHH was found to exceed predictions based on prereading performance. This resilience was associated with gains in oral language during the early school years.  相似文献   

Increased Survival of Lactococcus lactis Strains Subjected to Freeze-Drying after Cultivation in an Acid Medium: Involvement of Membrane Fluidity Cultivation in Acid Medium to Improve Bacterial Survival of Freeze-Drying     

Aurore Bodzen  Audrey Jossier  Sbastien Dupont  Pierre-Yves Mousset  Laurent Beney  Sophie Lafay  Patrick Gervais 《Food Technology and Biotechnology》2021,59(4):443

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Effect of breaking up sedentary time with callisthenics on endothelial function     

Sophie E. Carter  Valerie F. Gladwell 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1508-1514

Periods of prolonged sitting impairs endothelial function in lower limb conduit arteries, which is attenuated with physical activity breaks. The effect of activity breaks on upper limb arteries has not been examined. This study assessed changes in brachial artery endothelial function following either a prolonged sitting period or breaking up this sedentary time by performing sets of callisthenics exercises. Ten healthy participants (6 men) completed 2 conditions in a counterbalanced order: (a) 1-h 26-min sitting, or (b) breaking up this period every 20 min by performing a set of 5 callisthenics exercises. Brachial artery endothelial function was assessed via ultrasound using the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique prior to and following each condition, while brachial shear rate (SR) was acquired after each set of callisthenics. There was no significant change in FMD over time (P = 0.09) or between conditions (P = 0.12). Compared to sitting, brachial SR increased following each set of callisthenics, with a significant difference after the third break (Sit: 33.94 ± 12.79 s^?1; Callisthenics: 57.16 ± 30.48 s^?1, P = 0.02). Alterations in SR in the upper limbs suggest callisthenics may be an effective intervention to break up sedentary time and attenuate the potentially deleterious effects of prolonged sitting on cardiovascular health.  相似文献   

Representations of student performance data in local education policy     

Prøitz  Tine Sophie  Novak  Judit  Mausethagen  Sølvi 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2022,34(1):89-111

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - The use of data for governance purposes has been widely recognised as a way for national authorities to coordinate their activities across...  相似文献   

Treating children's aggressive behavior problems using cognitive behavior therapy with virtual reality: A multicenter randomized controlled trial     

Sophie C. Alsem  Anouk van Dijk  Esmée E. Verhulp  Tycho J. Dekkers  Bram O. De Castro 《Child development》2023,94(6):e344-e361

This multicenter randomized controlled trial investigated whether interactive virtual reality enhanced effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to reduce children's aggressive behavior problems. Boys with aggressive behavior problems (N = 115; M_age = 10.58, SD = 1.48; 95.7% born in Netherlands) were randomized into three groups: CBT with virtual reality, CBT with roleplays, or care-as-usual. Bayesian analyses showed that CBT with virtual reality more likely reduced aggressive behavior compared to care-as-usual for six of seven outcomes (ds 0.19–0.95), and compared to CBT with roleplays for four outcomes (ds 0.14–0.68). Moreover, compared to roleplays, virtual reality more likely enhanced children's emotional engagement, practice immersion, and treatment appreciation. Thus, virtual reality may be a promising tool to enhance CBT effectiveness for children with aggressive behavior problems.  相似文献