Interoperabilit?t für Informationssysteme im Gesundheitswesen auf Basis medizinischer Standards     

Susanne Pedersen  Wilhelm Hasselbring 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2004,17(6):174-188

Eine Vernetzung der Dienstleister im Gesundheitswesen wird aus Effizienzgründen immer wichtiger. Schwierigkeiten bereitet jedoch die Interoperabilität, womit die korrekte Kommunikation von beteiligten Softwaresystemen verschiedener Herkunft gemeint ist. Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Interoperabilitätsproblematik auf der Ebene der Anwendungsarchitekturen. Mit Hilfe von Standards und Integrationstechniken bemühen sich verschiedene Lösungsansätze die Heterogenität zu überwinden, die einer umfassenden Interoperabilität im Wege steht. Die Frage, die sich uns in diesem Zusammenhang nun stellt ist, ob diverse Standards im Gesundheitswesen sinnvoll kombiniert werden können bzw. zwischen ihnen vermittelt werden kann. In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Grundzüge einer Architektur vor, die auf der Basis von Standards eine institutionsübergreifende Interoperabilität im Gesundheitswesen ermöglichen soll. Die Strukturen der relevanten Standards werden einheitlich als Instanzen des Meta-Object Facility (MOF) spezifiziert und dann geeignet zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Die resultierenden Modelle und Metamodelle bilden einen Leitfaden zur Strukturanalyse der Standards und helfen so beim Entwurf der Transformationen zwischen den verschiedenen Standards. Architektur und Metamodelle dienen als Grundlage für eine prototypische Implementierung am Beispiel des Epidemiologischen Krebsregisters Niedersachsen zur Evaluation des vorgestellten Konzeptes.  相似文献   

The use of heuristics during route planning by expert and novice orienteers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Eccles DW  Walsh SE  Ingledew DK 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(4):327-337

Expert orienteers have reported using two heuristics when planning routes to points in the environment that must be located, known as 'controls'. These heuristics constitute attending to the start first and subsequently planning forward to a given control, and attending to the control first and planning backwards to the start. The aim of this study was to establish which heuristic experts use predominantly and whether novices' use of these heuristics differs from that of experts. Two methods for tracing attention were used while 20 expert and 20 novice orienteers planned routes in the laboratory. The results were used to infer the use of heuristics. The orienteers were also interviewed about planning. We found that, when planning, experts generally attend to the control first and novices to the start first. There was also some evidence that novices work forwards from the start to the control and that experts work backwards from the control to the start. From the interviews, it would appear that experts regard the location of the control as the crux of the problem and prioritize this area during planning. These results have implications for an understanding of expertise and problem-solving in sport.  相似文献   

Deviating glucose results in an international dual-center study. A root cause investigation     

Janne Cadamuro  Peter Bergsten  Katharina Mrwald  Anders Forslund  Marie Dahlbom  Jonas Bergquist  Iris Ciba  Susanne M. Brunner  Jeanne Jabbour  Daniel Weghuber 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2022,32(1)

During a dual-center study on obese and normal weight children and adolescents, focusing on glucose metabolism, we observed a marked difference in glucose results (N = 16,840) between the two sites, Salzburg, Austria and Uppsala, Sweden (P < 0.001). After excluding differences in patient characteristics between the two populations as cause of this finding, we investigated other preanalytic influences. Finally, only the tubes used for blood collection at the two sites were left to evaluate. While the Vacuette FC-Mix tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmünster, Austria) was used in Uppsala, in Salzburg blood collections were performed with a lithium heparin tube (LH-Monovette, Sarstedt, Germany). To prove our hypothesis, we collected two blood samples in either of these tubes from 51 children (Salzburg N = 27, Uppsala N = 24) and compared the measured glucose results. Indeed, we found the suspected bias and calculated a correction formula, which significantly diminished the differences of glucose results between the two sites (P = 0.023). Our finding is in line with those of other studies and although this issue should be widely known, we feel that it is widely neglected, especially when comparing glucose concentrations across Europe, using large databases without any information on preanalytic sample handling.  相似文献   

The effects of gallery and artist reputation on prices in the primary market for art: a note     

Susanne Schönfeld  Andreas Reinstaller 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2007,31(2):143-153

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"... a certain amount of engineering involved": constructing the public in participatory governance arrangements     

Braun K  Schultz S 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2010,19(4):403-419

This paper argues that it is time for public understanding of science to develop a critical inventory of the forms, formats and methods of public participation and their respective implications and ambiguities. It highlights the need for analysing not only the limitations and deficiencies of participatory arrangements but also their constructive dimension, in particular the construction of the subject of participation. Looking into participatory governance arrangements in the issue area of genetic testing in Germany and the UK the paper presents a typology of formats according to the way the respective public is constructed and identifies four major constructions of publics: the general public, the pure public, the affected public and the partisan public. Each of these enables certain speaking positions while foreclosing others. The study shows that the main purposes of participatory arrangements in this issue area are knowledge production and education rather than political deliberation and decision-making.  相似文献   

5. Europäischer Kongreß für Sportpsychologie vom 17. bis 21. September 1979 in Varna (Bulgarien)     

J. P. Janssen  H. Langenkamp  P. Schwenkmezger 《Sportwissenschaft》1979,9(4):437-441

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The party is over?     

Susanne Brighouse 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2020,52(8):830-831

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Avoiding split attention in computer‐based testing: Is neglecting additional information facilitative?          下载免费PDF全文

Halszka Jarodzka  Noortje Janssen  Paul A. Kirschner  Gijsbert Erkens 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2015,46(4):803-817

This study investigated whether design guidelines for computer‐based learning can be applied to computer‐based testing (CBT). Twenty‐two students completed a CBT exam with half of the questions presented in a split‐screen format that was analogous to the original paper‐and‐pencil version and half in an integrated format. Results show that students attended to all information in the integrated format while ignoring information in the split format. Interestingly, and contrary to expectations, they worked more efficiently in the split format. A content analysis of the ignored information revealed that it was mostly not relevant to answering the questions, unnecessarily taxed students' cognitive capacity and inefficiently increased the mental effort they expended. Further comparisons of different mental effort measures indicate that mental effort had an explicit (ie, self‐reports, explicit utterances) and an implicit component (ie, silent pauses in thinking‐aloud, eye tracking parameters). Consequently, when designing CBT environments, not only the design of the tasks but also the content of the given information and their effect on the different aspects of mental effort must be considered.  相似文献   

Students’ confidence in their performance judgements: a comparison of different response scales     

Marion Händel  Eva Susanne Fritzsche 《教育心理学》2015,35(3):377-395

We report results of two studies on metacognitive accuracy with undergraduate education students. Participating students were asked to judge their personal performance in a multiple-choice exam as well as to state their confidence in their performance judgement (second-order judgement [SOJ]). In each study, we compared four conditions that differed in the type of the presented 5-point confidence scale for SOJs. In Study 1, four bipolar scales with different labels were applied; in Study 2, unipolar and bipolar scales were implemented. The results of Study 1 with N?=?420 students show that undergraduates on average provided accurate performance estimations. However, students were not aware of their judgement accuracy, shown by a low fit of SOJ and judgement accuracy. In addition, the type of provided scale significantly influenced the SOJs. Study 2 with N?=?348 students replicated the findings of the first study and gave further insight into the effects of uni- vs. bipolar response scales.  相似文献   

Communication between Children with Deafness,Blindness and Deafblindness and their Social Partners: An Intersubjective Developmental Perspective     

Saskia Damen  Marleen J. Janssen  Wied A. J. J. M. Ruijssenaars  Carlo Schuengel 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2015,62(2):215-243

Trevarthen’s theory of innate intersubjectivity is relevant to understanding communication problems in children with sensory disabilities. Trevarthen and Aitken used the term “intersubjectivity” to describe “the ability of humans to detect and change each other’s minds and behavior”. When children lack auditory and/or visual means of interaction, they may not be able to fully develop intersubjectivity, which impedes the development of more complex interpersonal communication. This article presents a review of 31 studies about intersubjectivity in children with sensory disabilities. The results indicate that the intersubjective development of children with sensory disabilities is often delayed. The studies also describe similar strategies for mediating intersubjectivity in children with sensory disabilities and in typical children, but say that specific adaptations may be needed. From an intersubjectivity perspective, symbolic communication delays in children with sensory disabilities may be improved through specific, purposeful forms of social interaction.  相似文献