Interoperabilit?t für Informationssysteme im Gesundheitswesen auf Basis medizinischer Standards     

Susanne Pedersen  Wilhelm Hasselbring 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2004,17(6):174-188

Eine Vernetzung der Dienstleister im Gesundheitswesen wird aus Effizienzgründen immer wichtiger. Schwierigkeiten bereitet jedoch die Interoperabilität, womit die korrekte Kommunikation von beteiligten Softwaresystemen verschiedener Herkunft gemeint ist. Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Interoperabilitätsproblematik auf der Ebene der Anwendungsarchitekturen. Mit Hilfe von Standards und Integrationstechniken bemühen sich verschiedene Lösungsansätze die Heterogenität zu überwinden, die einer umfassenden Interoperabilität im Wege steht. Die Frage, die sich uns in diesem Zusammenhang nun stellt ist, ob diverse Standards im Gesundheitswesen sinnvoll kombiniert werden können bzw. zwischen ihnen vermittelt werden kann. In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Grundzüge einer Architektur vor, die auf der Basis von Standards eine institutionsübergreifende Interoperabilität im Gesundheitswesen ermöglichen soll. Die Strukturen der relevanten Standards werden einheitlich als Instanzen des Meta-Object Facility (MOF) spezifiziert und dann geeignet zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Die resultierenden Modelle und Metamodelle bilden einen Leitfaden zur Strukturanalyse der Standards und helfen so beim Entwurf der Transformationen zwischen den verschiedenen Standards. Architektur und Metamodelle dienen als Grundlage für eine prototypische Implementierung am Beispiel des Epidemiologischen Krebsregisters Niedersachsen zur Evaluation des vorgestellten Konzeptes.  相似文献   

The use of heuristics during route planning by expert and novice orienteers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Eccles DW  Walsh SE  Ingledew DK 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(4):327-337

Expert orienteers have reported using two heuristics when planning routes to points in the environment that must be located, known as 'controls'. These heuristics constitute attending to the start first and subsequently planning forward to a given control, and attending to the control first and planning backwards to the start. The aim of this study was to establish which heuristic experts use predominantly and whether novices' use of these heuristics differs from that of experts. Two methods for tracing attention were used while 20 expert and 20 novice orienteers planned routes in the laboratory. The results were used to infer the use of heuristics. The orienteers were also interviewed about planning. We found that, when planning, experts generally attend to the control first and novices to the start first. There was also some evidence that novices work forwards from the start to the control and that experts work backwards from the control to the start. From the interviews, it would appear that experts regard the location of the control as the crux of the problem and prioritize this area during planning. These results have implications for an understanding of expertise and problem-solving in sport.  相似文献   

The impact of physical growth and relative age effect on assessment in physical education     

Terje Dalen  Rolf Petter Ingvaldsen  Truls Valland Roaas  Arve Vorland Pedersen  Ingebrigt Steen  Tore Kristian Aune 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):482-487

Physical education (PE) is perhaps the school subject most likely to produce relative age effects (RAE). Like in sports, physical maturity gives students an advantage in PE, which might well be mistaken for superior ability. The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent to which physical growth, measured as height, and RAE reflect the assessment in Norwegian PE. Furthermore, we wanted to examine whether there is any gender differences in the assessment in PE as a function of physical growth and RAE. The participants (n?=?2978) were pupils in the last three years of secondary school (13–16 years old). A custom-made questionnaire was designed to collect the necessary data. The correlations between height and mark in PE for boys in 8th, 9th, and 10th grades are respectively r?=?0.14, r?=?0.32, and r?=?0.29. For girls, the correlations are r?=?0.11, r?=?0.33, and r?=?0.21. All correlations are significant (p?<?.05). The number of pupils achieving top marks was 114 in the first half of the year, whereas it was 65 in the second half of the year. The present study showed that physical growth has an impact on the pupils’ PE attainment. The physical growth is of course also mediated by the pupils’ age. RAEs were found in PE attainments also in the Norwegian school system for both genders, despite all the intentions expressed in the PE curriculum.  相似文献   

Deviating glucose results in an international dual-center study. A root cause investigation     

Janne Cadamuro  Peter Bergsten  Katharina Mrwald  Anders Forslund  Marie Dahlbom  Jonas Bergquist  Iris Ciba  Susanne M. Brunner  Jeanne Jabbour  Daniel Weghuber 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2022,32(1)

During a dual-center study on obese and normal weight children and adolescents, focusing on glucose metabolism, we observed a marked difference in glucose results (N = 16,840) between the two sites, Salzburg, Austria and Uppsala, Sweden (P < 0.001). After excluding differences in patient characteristics between the two populations as cause of this finding, we investigated other preanalytic influences. Finally, only the tubes used for blood collection at the two sites were left to evaluate. While the Vacuette FC-Mix tube (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmünster, Austria) was used in Uppsala, in Salzburg blood collections were performed with a lithium heparin tube (LH-Monovette, Sarstedt, Germany). To prove our hypothesis, we collected two blood samples in either of these tubes from 51 children (Salzburg N = 27, Uppsala N = 24) and compared the measured glucose results. Indeed, we found the suspected bias and calculated a correction formula, which significantly diminished the differences of glucose results between the two sites (P = 0.023). Our finding is in line with those of other studies and although this issue should be widely known, we feel that it is widely neglected, especially when comparing glucose concentrations across Europe, using large databases without any information on preanalytic sample handling.  相似文献   

The effects of gallery and artist reputation on prices in the primary market for art: a note     

Susanne Schönfeld  Andreas Reinstaller 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2007,31(2):143-153

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Editorial: The idea of sietar     

Paul Pedersen 《Int J Intercult Relat》1979,3(2):133-135

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Minor physical anomalies and behavior in preschool children   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

M F Waldrop  F A Pedersen  R Q Bell 《Child development》1968,39(2):391-400

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The psychodynamics of race: vicious and benign spirals: Rae Sherwood New Jersey: Huma1nities Press, 1980, 590 pp     

Paul Pedersen 《Int J Intercult Relat》1982,6(2):211-214

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The party is over?     

Susanne Brighouse 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2020,52(8):830-831

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Students’ confidence in their performance judgements: a comparison of different response scales     

Marion Händel  Eva Susanne Fritzsche 《教育心理学》2015,35(3):377-395

We report results of two studies on metacognitive accuracy with undergraduate education students. Participating students were asked to judge their personal performance in a multiple-choice exam as well as to state their confidence in their performance judgement (second-order judgement [SOJ]). In each study, we compared four conditions that differed in the type of the presented 5-point confidence scale for SOJs. In Study 1, four bipolar scales with different labels were applied; in Study 2, unipolar and bipolar scales were implemented. The results of Study 1 with N?=?420 students show that undergraduates on average provided accurate performance estimations. However, students were not aware of their judgement accuracy, shown by a low fit of SOJ and judgement accuracy. In addition, the type of provided scale significantly influenced the SOJs. Study 2 with N?=?348 students replicated the findings of the first study and gave further insight into the effects of uni- vs. bipolar response scales.  相似文献