Book reviews     

Roberts A. Braden  Randall G. Nichols 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1986,34(1):47-53

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Towards a Cooperation in the Development of Education for European Fire Protection Engineers     

R. Barham  J. P. Roberts 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1995,20(4):499-507

This paper provides a review of recent developments in the UK which are intended to address changing demands for the provision of education for fire protection engineers and those involved in the assessment and insurance of fire risks. It also describes the nature of the UK pre‐degree and undergraduate courses network and recent moves towards the formalization of European networking of courses at postgraduate level.  相似文献   

Book Reviews     

Roberts Braden  Judith K. Meyers 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1988,36(3):179-181

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Symmetrical and asymmetrical sources of variance in temporal generalization     

Russell M. Church  Kevin D. Miller  Warren H. Meck  John Gibbon 《Learning & behavior》1991,19(3):207-214

Ten rats were trained in a temporal generalization task (the peak procedure) with variations in the time of reinforcement, the intertrial interval, and the mean and variance of the duration of nonfood trials. There were three types of asymmetry in the temporal generalization gradients: positive skew, secondary rise, and positive asymptote. Asymmetrical gradients can occur as a result of asymmetrical sources of variance, multiplicative combinations of symmetrical sources of variance, and effects of anticipation of the end of a trial and the conditions of the next trial. Ten additional rats were trained with a single time of reinforcement, a limited time of reinforcement availability, long and fixed durations of nonfood trials, and a nonresponse requirement for ending a trial. These conditions markedly reduced all asymmetrical sources of variance and led to very symmetrical gradients. These results demonstrate that none of the asymmetrical sources of variance necessarily has a substantial influence on observed temporal generalization gradients.  相似文献   

Lobbying for diversity     

Peter N. Warren 《Academic Questions》1997,10(4):75-78

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DEFENDING FREIREAN INTERVENTION     

Peter Roberts 《Educational theory》1996,46(3):335-352

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Effects of signaled reward in instrumental conditioning: Enhanced learning on DRL and DRH schedules of reinforcement     

Roger M. Tarpy  Jean E. Roberts 《Learning & behavior》1985,13(1):6-12

The effects of signaled reward were examined using DRL and DRH schedules of reinforcement. In each case, one group of rats received a brief cue between the reinforced response and the reward, and a second group received brief cues at random times. With the DRL schedule (Experiment 1), signaled reward decreased response rate, increased response efficiency (number of responses per reinforcer), and increased resistence to satiation relative to the control group. With the DRH schedule (Experiment 2), signaled reward increased response rate, efficiency, and resistance to satiation. These results refute an overshadowing explanation of the effects of signaled reward and suggest that food-correlated cues enhance learning of the reinforcement contingencies.  相似文献   

The stimulus-response overshadowing phenomenon with VI versus FI schedules of reinforcement     

Roger M. Tarpy  Jean E. Roberts  Stephen E. G. Lea  Marie Midgley 《Learning & behavior》1984,12(1):50-54

Previous research has shown that response rates on a variable interval (VI) schedule of reinforcement decrease if a brief response-produced signal is given prior to reward. One explanation is that the signal overshadows the response because it is a better predictor of reinforcement. The S-R overshadowing effect does not occur with variable ratio (VR) schedules, however. Tarpy, Lea, and Midgley (1983) explained this fact by suggesting that the signal functions to enhance the salience of the temporal interval offset on the VI schedule (a characteristic not possessed by VR schedules), which then overshadows the response. In this experiment, the salience of the temporal interval was enhanced in another way: signaled or unsignaled reward was provided to rats responding on either a VI or fixed interval (FI) reward schedule. As predicted, rates were lowest for animals receiving signaled reinforcement on an FI schedule and highest for those receiving unsignaled reinforcement on a VI schedule.  相似文献   

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLOUR IN LEARNING FROM EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION     

Geoffrey Roberts 《Learning, Media and Technology》1978,4(1):21-23

The author reviews recent research comparing both the relative learning gains and relative attitudes of students using colour or monochrome television material. It is concluded that all users of educational television should resist the temptation to spend large sums on colour television equipment merely because colour is now widely preferred by society at large.  相似文献   

Supporting Transgender College Students: Implications for Clinical Intervention and Campus Prevention     

Martin A. Swanbrow Becker  Stacey F. Nemeth Roberts  Sam M. Ritts  William Tyler Branagan  Alia R. Warner  Sheri L. Clark 《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2017,31(2):155-176

This study examines the experiences of transgender college students in coping with stress in comparison to their cisgender peers. Undergraduate and graduate students from 73 colleges, totaling 26,292 participants, of which 47 identified as transgender completed an online survey. Transgender students reported greater exposure to trauma and higher rates of suicidal experiences, as well as different precipitants to reported stressful periods and sources of support than their cisgender peers. Implications for individual and group counseling as well as outreach and prevention to better support transgender students are explored.  相似文献