Training the inspiratory muscles improves running performance when carrying a 25 kg thoracic load in a backpack     

Mark A. Faghy  Peter I. Brown 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(5):585-594

Load carriage (LC) exercise in physically demanding occupations is typically characterised by periods of low-intensity steady-state exercise and short duration, high-intensity exercise while carrying an external mass in a backpack; this form of exercise is also known as LC exercise. This induces inspiratory muscle fatigue and reduces whole-body performance. Accordingly we investigated the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT, 50% maximal inspiratory muscle pressure (P_Imax) twice daily for six week) upon running time-trial performance with thoracic LC. Nineteen healthy males formed a pressure threshold IMT (n?=?10) or placebo control group (PLA; n?=?9) and performed 60?min LC exercise (6.5?km?h^–1) followed by a 2.4?km running time trial (LC_TT) either side of a double-blind six week intervention. Prior to the intervention, P_Imax was reduced relative to baseline, post-LC and post-LC_TT in both groups (pooled data: 13?±?7% and 16?±?8%, respectively, p?P_Imax increased +31% (p?TT (+18%, p?P_Imax at each time point was unchanged (13?±?11% and 17?±?9%, respectively, p?>?.05). In IMT only, heart rate and perceptual responses were reduced post-LC (p?p?相似文献   

论我国教师专业伦理的建构   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

徐廷福 《教育研究》2006,(7)

在推进教师专业化的过程中,引导传统师德向教师专业化时代的专业伦理过渡,成为教师队伍建设不可忽视的一个问题。我国教师专业伦理的建构必须克服传统师德生成方式的不足,实现从身份伦理向专业伦理、从经验方式到理论方式的转换,注重教师专业伦理的系统性和可操作性,才能科学、合理地建构我国的教师专业伦理。  相似文献   

近代中国大学教师的资格检定与聘任   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

田正平  吴民祥 《教育研究》2004,(10)

大学教师的专业化水平是大学教育现代化程度的重要指标之一。中国近代大学教师的资格检定与聘任制度既是保证大学教师朝专业化方向发展的外部强制性力量,同时也是其专业化程度的重要指标。中国近代大学从创办之时起,其教师任职资格的检定与聘任制度经历了清末的教师资格检定制度之缺失与聘任的随意性时期,民初的教师资格检定与聘任中的"大学自治"与校长集权时期,20世纪20年代末至抗战前的逐渐"规范化"时期,30年代末至40年代末的"制度化"时期的几个发展阶段,在不同的发展阶段,政府、学术团体、大学自身都曾起着不同的作用。  相似文献   

网络时代高校思想政治工作面临的挑战及对策     

贾金玲  卢爱新 《洛阳工业高等专科学校学报》2002,12(1):57-58

从多角度分析了互联网对大学生思想观念、思维方式及生活方式和行为方式产生的深刻影响以及网络时代高校思想政治工作所面临的挑战,提出加强互联网上思想政治工作思路与对策,以适应形势发展,增强工作实效.  相似文献   

xTHE QUALITY MOVEMENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES     

Richard I. Miller 《Higher Education in Europe》1996,21(2-3):193-202

Writing at a time when applications of Total Quality Management (TQM) in higher education in the United States are in great vogue, the author reminds the reader that TQM is only one of many management strategies that over the years have had their periods of popularity. Strategies come and go. Usually a hot strategy is in vogue for no more than seven years; then other ideas come into vogue as other ways of getting the quick fix are tried. Other strategies in competition with TQM in the United States include outcomes assessment, Deming's fourteen points, the Malcolm Baldridge Award, the ISO 9000 series, restructuring, re‐engineering, and performance indicators. American higher education institutions will probably have recourse to more traditional models than TQM for creating change in the future.  相似文献   

Navigating OER: The Library’s Role in Bringing OER to Campus     

Julia I. Hess  Alejandra J. Nann  Kelly E. Riddle 《期刊图书馆员》2016,70(1-4):128-134

In 2014, three librarians at the University of San Diego came together to explore open educational resources (OER). Coming from both technical services and digital collections, we were well-versed in the economic challenges facing today’s libraries. In order to formulate the approach that would work best for our campus, we first had to educate ourselves on the past, present, and possible future of the Open Access movement. While traditionally Open Access has focused on serials, OER offer the opportunity to expand its benefits to other formats. This article examines opportunities and tensions surrounding OER, as well as highlighting major players on the OER landscape. Our efforts began with a focus group for faculty to assess their own knowledge of and opinions on OER. After establishing a stipend budget, we sent out a call for proposals to faculty who were interested in participating in the Copley OER Initiative.  相似文献   

合作活动学习刍论   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

申仁洪  黄甫全 《教育研究》2004,(10)

学习化课程确立了"课程作为学习生命存在及其优化活动"的文化主体性价值理念。对学习生命而言,合作是基本存在形式,活动是基本优化形式。学习者多样合作与多样活动融合创生了体现学习生命存在整体关联的合作活动学习。合作活动学习实现条件包括内在于学习共同体的学习主体,以问题为导向的学习内容,基于活动的合作,生态化的学习环境,多元化的评估。  相似文献   

教师校本研修及其区域协作机制探索   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

徐学俊  周冬祥 《教育研究》2004,(12)

如何兼顾质量和效率,一直是困扰我国中小学教师教育的问题。立足学校开展教师校本研修,能够有效地改进教师教学行为,提高教师的专业素养;将校本培训、校本研究和教师专业进修有机地结合起来,建构以学校为基地的教师校本研修区域协作机制,可以有效地整合区域教师教育资源,能够满足教师教育的数量规模要求,提高教师教育的效率,从而解决当前我国中小学教师继续教育质量和效率兼顾的难题。  相似文献   

The effect of different foot and hand set-up positions on backstroke start performance     

Karla de Jesus  Kelly de Jesus  J. Arturo Abraldes  Luis Mourão  Márcio Borgonovo-Santos  Alexandre I. A. Medeiros 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(4):481-496

Foot and hand set-up position effects were analysed on backstroke start performance. Ten swimmers randomly completed 27 starts grouped in trials (n = 3) of each variation, changing foot (totally immersed, partially and totally emerged) and hand (lowest, highest horizontal and vertical) positioning. Fifteen cameras recorded kinematics, and four force plates collected hands and feet kinetics. Standardised mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were used. Variations with feet immersed have shown lower vertical centre of mass (CM) set-up position (0.16 m), vertical impulse exerted at the hands, horizontal and vertical impulse exerted at the feet (0.28, 0.41, 0.16 N/BW.s, respectively) than feet emerged with hands horizontal and vertically positioned. Most variations with feet partially emerged exhibited higher and lesser vertical impulse exerted at hands than feet immersed and emerged (e.g. vertical handgrip, 0.13, 0.15 N/BW.s, respectively). Variation with feet emerged and hands on the lowest horizontal handgrip depicted shorter horizontal (0.23, 0.26 m) and vertical CM positioning at flight (0.16, 0.15 m) than the highest horizontal and vertical handgrip, respectively. Start variations have not affected 15-m time. Variations with feet partially or totally emerged depicted advantages, but focusing on the entry and underwater biomechanics is relevant for a shorter start time.  相似文献   

Vertical jumping biomechanical evaluation through the use of an inertial sensor-based technology     

I. Setuain  J. Martinikorena  M. Gonzalez-Izal  A. Martinez-Ramirez  M. Gómez  J. Alfaro-Adrián 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(9):843-851

Progress in micro-electromechanical systems has turned inertial sensor units (IUs) into a suitable tool for vertical jumping evaluation. In total, 9 men and 8 women were recruited for this study. Three types of vertical jumping tests were evaluated in order to determine if the data provided by an IU placed at the lumbar spine could reliably assess jumping biomechanics and to examine the validity of the IU compared with force plate platform recordings. Robust correlation levels of the IU-based jumping biomechanical evaluation with respect to the force plate across the entire analysed jumping battery were found. In this sense, significant and extremely large correlations were found when raw data of both IU and force plate-derived normalised force–time curves were compared. Furthermore, significant and mainly moderate correlation levels were also found between both instruments when isolated resultant forces’ peak values of predefined jumping phases of each manoeuvre were analysed. However, Bland and Altman graphical representation demonstrated a systematic error in the distribution of the data points within the mean ±1.96 SD intervals. Using IUs, several biomechanical variables such as the resultant force–time curve patterns of the three different vertical jumps analysed were reliably measured.  相似文献