Anatomy as a Model Environment for Acquiring Professional Competencies in Medicine: Experiences at Harvard Medical School     

Katherine G. McDaniel  Taylor Brown  Caitlin C. Radford  Cynthia H. McDermott  Trudy van Houten  Martha E. Katz  Dana A. Stearns  Sabine Hildebrandt 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(2):241-251

Anatomy education provides students with opportunities to learn structure and function of the human body, to acquire professional competencies such as teamwork, interpersonal skills, self-awareness, and to reflect on and practice medical ethics. The fulfillment of this wide potential can present challenges in courses that are part of an integrated curriculum and shorter than traditional courses. This new reality, together with students' increasing concern about the stresses within medical education, led to efforts at Harvard Medical School to implement practical steps toward an optimal learning environment in anatomy. These were based on core elements of ethical anatomy education and principles of trauma-informed care. Anatomy is conceptualized here as the “first clinical discipline,” with relational interactions between anatomical educators, medical students, and body donors/patients. Essential prerequisites for the implementation of this work were support by the medical school leadership, open partnership between engaged students and faculty, faculty coordination, and peer-teaching. Specific interventions included pre-course faculty development on course philosophy and invitations to students to share their thoughts on anatomy. Student responses were integrated in course introductions, combined with a pre-dissection laboratory visit, an introductory guide, and a module on the history and ethics of anatomy. During the course, team-building activities were scheduled, and self-reflection encouraged, for example, through written exercises, and elective life-body drawing. Students' responses to the interventions were overall positive, but need further evaluation. This first attempt of a systematic implementation of an optimal learning environment in anatomy led to the identification of areas in need of adjustment.  相似文献   

基于视频的车辆违章越线行为检测方法研究     

洪琦  沙新华 《深圳信息职业技术学院学报》2005,3(3):12-16

本文介绍了一种基于视频的车辆违章越线行为识别方法.该方法首先利用帧数统计判断当前图像的车道线边界状态,然后根据车道线的不同状态分别采用检测车前部的均匀灰度区域和检测车头复杂边界信息的方法来实现车辆的越线检测.实验结果表明该方法是有效的.  相似文献   

Youth Out of School and Out of Work in Latin America: A Cohort Approach     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2021

This paper examines the phenomena of high rates of youth that are out of school and out of work in Latin America. The analysis pursues a dynamic approach by constructing a pseudo-panel from 234 household surveys for 18 countries in the region that allow tracing the life cycle trajectories of different cohorts over time. The trajectories are associated with a series of variables characterizing the household, community, and macro environment in which schooling, and labor market participation decisions take place. The most important result obtained is that the persistently high rates of being out of school and out of work among males are strongly associated with greater shares of women working, which can be generating a “crowding out” effect against men, given slow job creation rates across the region. The analysis also explores the possibility of scarring effects, and finds that higher shares of out of school and out of work youth at ages 15-20 years are associated with lower wages for the same cohorts later in life, at ages 35–40 years, for males and females. As for employment prospects, the analysis finds scarring effects only for females, with greater out of school and out of work youth shares being related to lower proportions of women in the labor market later in the life cycle.  相似文献   

Analysis of FIFA referees and assistant referees’ motivational factors towards the Multimedia Teaching Materials     

M. Armenteros  Shu-Sheng Liaw  M. J. Sánchez-Franco  M. Fernández  R. Arteaga Sánchez 《Education and Information Technologies》2017,22(3):841-872

The aim of our study is to improve the understanding of the different behavioral intentions of referees and assistant referees in different FIFA (International Federation of Association Football) confederations towards Multimedia Teaching Materials as learning tools. To achieve this goal, we carry out a survey of 214 elite referees and assistant referees and we propose a research model with the variables perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived self-efficacy, multimedia instruction, previous experience with technology and self-paced learning. These variables were taken from previous educational technology research. Among these models we mainly take into account the Technology Acceptance Model, the Motivational Model and the Social Cognitive Theory. To assess the relationships between the constructs, we develop an analysis based on a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), specifically Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of this study confirm that referees and assistant referees are willing to use Multimedia Teaching Materials to assist them in their learning activities as long as they perceive the materials to be useful, enjoyable and easy to use and whenever the course contents are multimedia.  相似文献   

A situation-based flipped classroom to improving nursing staff performance in advanced cardiac life support training course     

Bieng-Yi Chang  Ching-Yi Chang  Gwo-Haur Hwang 《Interactive Learning Environments》2019,27(8):1062-1074

ABSTRACT

The Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) training aims to help nurses establish the basic competence of the comprehension of electrocardiograms (ECG/ EKG). However, learners usually have difficulty memorizing the meanings of different EKG waveforms, which could represent clinical symptoms or even the feeling of dying, via traditional instruction. Some serious problems could lead to death if the nursing staff do not make correct judgments and provide timely treatment. Thus, this paper reports an explorative study investigating the effects of a flipped classroom approach on nursing staffs’ ACLS learning achievement. A 2-week experiment was conducted to compare the learning achievement of the nursing staff who learned with the ACLS situation-based flipped classroom approach to those who learned with the ACLS traditional flipped approach. The experimental results show that the nursing staff who learned with the proposed approach had better learning achievements, motivation, and satisfaction than those who learned with the ACLS traditional flipped approach.  相似文献   

Otitis media,the quality of child care,and the social/communicative behavior of toddlers: A replication and extension     

《Early childhood research quarterly》2005,20(3):306-328

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of otitis media (OM) and the quality of child care on the social and communicative behaviors of toddlers, using a cumulative risk framework that included moderation. The study followed 72 children who began child care in infancy. Both process and structural aspects of the quality of 11 child care centers were measured and children received weekly ear examinations from the time they entered child care. At 24 months of age children were observed in their classrooms during free play when they were well. Children in the chronic OM, low quality care group exchanged more negative gestures with peers, initiated less verbally to teachers and peers and were talked to less by teachers and peers in comparison to all other children. The results suggest the importance of the moderating effect of the quality of child care in understanding the effects of OM on social/communicative development.  相似文献   

Multirater congruence on the social skills rating system: mother,father, and teacher assessments of urban head start children’s social competencies     

《Early childhood research quarterly》1999,14(2):229-242

This study examined the relationships between parent and teacher and between mother and father SSRS reports of 134 urban Head Start children to assess the cross-informant capacity of the SSRS. The findings documented an insignificant relationship between parent and teacher SSRS ratings of children’s social competence. The results revealed significant congruence between SSRS ratings of mothers and fathers. Mothers and fathers who reported higher levels of sharing childcare responsibilities evidenced higher levels of agreement on SSRS ratings of children. This study discusses the importance of Head Start staff, parent, and research partnerships for developing scales that have the capacity to foster home-school communications about children.  相似文献   

Culture and quality in higher education     

《Higher Education Policy》1999,12(3):261-275

The growth in quality assurance worldwide raises questions about what higher education should want from its quality programmes. The paper constructs a typology of quality assurance systems (drawing a distinction between the source of the judgement and the purpose of the process) and evaluates the alternatives. It argues that Total Quality strategies are the best suited to the higher education purpose but demonstrates that there are deep, often conflicting, cultural processes that can frustrate its introduction.  相似文献   

When teachers learn how to provide classroom structure in an autonomy-supportive way: Benefits to teachers and their students     

《Teaching and Teacher Education》2020

In two experimentally-based and longitudinally-designed studies, secondary-level PE teachers were randomly assigned to participate or not in a new intervention to help them learn all of the following: support autonomy, provide structure, and provide structure in an autonomy-supportive way. In Study 1, teachers who participated in the intervention showed longitudinal gains in all five hypothesized teacher benefits (e.g., teaching efficacy, job satisfaction). In Study 2, students of teachers who participated in the intervention showed longitudinal gains in all four hypothesized student benefits (e.g., classroom engagement, skill development). Overall, teachers and students benefited after teachers provided structure in an autonomy-supportive way.  相似文献   

Editorial Board     

《International Journal of Information Management》1996,16(1):IFC

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