Scientific misbehavior in economics     

Sarah Necker 《Research Policy》2014

This study reports the results of a survey of professional, mostly academic economists about their research norms and scientific misbehavior. Behavior such as data fabrication or plagiarism are (almost) unanimously rejected and admitted by less than 4% of participants. Research practices that are often considered “questionable,” e.g., strategic behavior while analyzing results or in the publication process, are rejected by at least 60%. Despite their low justifiability, these behaviors are widespread. Ninety-four percent report having engaged in at least one unaccepted research practice. Surveyed economists perceive strong pressure to publish. The level of justifiability assigned to different misdemeanors does not increase with the perception of pressure. However, perceived pressure is found to be positively related to the admission of being involved in several unaccepted research practices. Although the results cannot prove causality, they are consistent with the notion that the “publish or perish” culture motivates researchers to violate research norms.  相似文献   

爱因斯坦:麦卡锡时期的自由斗士     

杜严勇 《科学文化评论》2014,11(4):51-62

20世纪50年代初,随着美国反共浪潮影响的增大,越来越多的知识分子受到了麦卡锡主义的迫害。爱因斯坦基于自己独立的道德判断力,公开发表言论支持与鼓励知识分子与麦卡锡主义作斗争,他的言行产生了广泛而深远的影响。本文论述了弗劳恩格拉斯事件、夏多维茨事件以及管子工事件等代表性事件的经过与影响,描述了这位著名科学家在那个特殊的历史时期表现出的不畏强权、敢于伸张正义的高尚品德。  相似文献   

2002-2013年福建农林大学SCI收录文献统计分析     

薛华  林成增  邹武  郑美玉  黄燕华 《情报探索》2014,(10):26-29

对SCI-E数据库2002-2013年收录福建农林大学的文献,从数量、学院分布、期刊分布、Web of Science类别、被引频次、合作国家和机构等方面进行统计分析,讨论福建农林大学的科研学术水平。结果表明,福建农林大学的科研能力和学术水平在不断进步,但也存在一些问题。具体表现为SCI收录文献的数量和被引频次等呈明显增长趋势,有一定的合作国家和机构,但学院与类别分布不均衡,发文期刊质量有待提高。针对分析结果,提出进一步提升科研实力的建议。  相似文献   

教务信息查询系统设计与研究     

张玉 《科技广场》2014,(7):69-72

教务信息查询系统(Academic Information InquirySystem,简称AIIS),是针对学校教务处需要大量处理数据而开发的信息查询软件。在积极建立科学、高效的教务信息查询机制的今天,如果仅仅依靠原始的手工查询或简单的单机查询,那么,教务部门面对大量的信息时,就无法有效率地将其中的重要部分提取出来,并作出相应的判断和处理。本文阐述了本课题背景,基于数据库与C/S的管理系统在教务查询中的地位与作用,以及开发本系统的意义,分析了系统的现状与需求、系统所要完成的基本功能。  相似文献   

台湾学术自由的制度性保障面向     

张弛 《济宁师范专科学校学报》2014,(2):110-114

在台湾学术自由是人民享有的基本权利之一,根据台湾权利理论,基本权利有作为主观权利和作为客观规范两种性质,从基本权利的性质导出基本权利的功能,制度性保障作为基本权利的功能之一,对台湾实务和理论界发挥了重要作用。本文将从学术自由的性质、制度性保障相关理论、台湾司法院大法官解释出发,重点分析台湾学术自由的制度性保障面向,尝试厘清二者之间的关系以及探究制度性保障的价值作用。  相似文献   

What motivates academic scientists to engage in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?     

Alice Lam 《Research Policy》2011,40(10):1354-1368

This paper employs the three concepts of ‘gold’ (financial rewards), ‘ribbon’ (reputational/career rewards) and ‘puzzle’ (intrinsic satisfaction) to examine the extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of scientists’ motivation for pursuing commercial activities. The study is based on 36 individual interviews and an on-line questionnaire survey of 735 scientists from five major UK research universities. It finds that there is a diversity of motivations for commercial engagement, and that many do so for reputational and intrinsic reasons and that financial rewards play a relatively small part. The paper draws on self-determination theory in social psychology to analyse the relationship between scientists’ value orientations with regard to commercial engagement and their personal motivations. It finds that those with traditional beliefs about the separation of science from commerce are more likely to be extrinsically motivated, using commercialization as a means to obtain resources to support their quest for the ‘ribbon’. In contrast, those identify closely with entrepreneurial norms are intrinsically motivated by the autonomy and ‘puzzle-solving’ involved in applied commercial research while also motivated by the ‘gold’. The study highlights the primacy of scientists’ self-motivation, and suggests that a fuller explanation of their commercial behaviour will need to consider a broader mix of motives to include the social and affective aspects of intrinsic motivation. In conclusion, the paper argues that policy to encourage commercial engagement should build on reputational and intrinsic rather than purely financial motivations.  相似文献   

科技期刊论文创新性鉴审的四个基本要素     

朱大明 《科技管理研究》2011,31(9)

创新性是衡量科技论文质量水平的首要标准。通过对科技论文创新概念的分析,归纳出科技论文创新性鉴审应把握的四个基本要素,即创新知识点的归纳,创新程度的界定,创新类别的划分,创新价值的判断,以期为科技编辑和同行专家审稿提供参考。  相似文献   

科技论文编校中易混淆符号的辨析     

沈凤英 《苏州市职业大学学报》2011,22(4):51-53

科技论文编校中易混淆的符号有两类：多义的符号与形似的符号,对此进行了辨析.编辑应在弄清符号表述的意义的基础上,按照国家标准.正确使用符号,实现期刊编排的规范化.  相似文献   

我国一流青年生物医学科学家科学论文计量分析     

段志光  章娟  邵红芳  杨晔  贺培凤 《科学技术与辩证法》2011,(6):78-82,101

文章探讨了我国一流青年生物医学科学家科学论文产出状况、受资助前后的变化,并与诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者获奖前科学论文产出进行了比较。结果显示我国一流青年生物医学科学家高质量原创性论文稀少,与诺贝尔奖级科学家获奖前的群体水平差距较大,在科学群体的层级结构中仍处于较低层级;我国目前科研管理中的“定时”和“短时”制度有悖于科学研究自由探索的需要,科研管理应尊重科学规律,还科学研究时间自由。  相似文献   

高校图书馆人力资源开发与管理探究     

刘晓莉 《大众科技》2011,(8):233-235,226

文章就高校图书馆人力资源的现状进行分析,指出了存在的问题,提出了加强馆员的考核及培训和强化以人为本的理念是当前改善高校图书馆人力资源管理现状的重要举措。  相似文献