Greater lower limb flexion in gymnastic landings is associated with reduced landing force: a repeated measures study     

Allana Slater  Anne Smith  Leon Straker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):45-56

High impact forces during gymnastic landings are thought to contribute to the high rate of injuries. Lower limb joint flexion is currently limited within gymnastic rules, yet might be an avenue for reduced force absorption. This study investigated whether lower limb flexion during three gymnastic landings was related to force. Differences between landings were also explored. Twenty-one elite women's artistic gymnasts performed three common gymnastic techniques: drop landing (DL), front and back somersaults. Ankle, knee, and hip angles, and vertical ground reaction force [(vGRF) magnitude and time to peak], were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis and force platform. The DL had significantly smaller peak vGRF, greater time to peak vGRF and larger lower limb flexion ranges than landing from either somersault. Peak vGRF and time to peak vGRF were inversely related. Peak vGRF was significantly reduced in gymnasts who landed with greater hip flexion, and time to peak was significantly increased with increasing ankle, knee, and hip flexion. Increased range of lower limb flexion should be encouraged during gymnastic landings to increase time to peak vGRF and reduce high impact force. For this purpose, judging criteria limitations on lower limb flexion should be reconsidered.  相似文献   

Shoulder 3D range of motion and humerus rotation in two volleyball spike techniques: injury prevention and performance     

Elena Seminati  Alessandra Marzari  Oreste Vacondio  Alberto E. Minetti 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):216-231

Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes, evaluating their safety with respect to performance. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere, intersected by the distal end of the humerus at different angles. Shoulder range of motion and angular velocities were calculated and compared to the joint limits. Ball speed and jump height were also assessed. Results indicated the trajectory of the humerus to be different for the TT, with maximal flexion of the shoulder reduced by 10 degrees, and horizontal abduction 15 degrees higher. No difference was found for external rotation angles, while axial rotation velocities were significantly higher in AT, with a 5% higher ball speed. Results suggest AT as a potential preventive solution to shoulder chronic pathologies, reducing shoulder flexion during spiking. The proposed method allows visualisation of risks associated with different overhead manoeuvres, by depicting humerus angles and velocities with respect to joint limits in the same 3D space.  相似文献   

Circles with a suspended aid: reducing pommel reaction forces     

Toshiyuki Fujihara  Pierre Gervais 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):34-47

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a suspended aid on the reaction forces during a basic skill on pommel horse. Twenty gymnasts performed three sets of 10 circles with and without a suspended aid on a pommel horse under which two force plates were set. The results confirmed that the suspended aid could reduce the magnitude of the pommel reaction forces during circles while maintaining the general loading pattern. On the left hand, the average and peak forces were attenuated to 0.59 body weight (BW) and 0.85 BW from 0.76 BW and 1.13 BW, respectively. The right hand experienced slightly larger forces with no-aid trials, but the asymmetry between the hands decreased with the aid. Despite a relatively large variability, all gymnasts experienced smaller impact peak forces with the aid. A suspended aid is most commonly used for a beginner gymnast as an introduction to pommel horse exercises. However, this study confirmed that it can also be useful for all levels of gymnasts who would like to practice pommel horse exercises with reduced pommel reaction forces for a purpose such as a progression for learning a new skill, control of training volume, or rehabilitation.  相似文献   

试析体操教学运动损伤之规律     

欧平 《洛阳师范学院学报》2002,21(2):119-120

体操教学中运动损伤是经常发生的现象 ,有效地预防运动损伤是体操教学顺利进行的基本保障 .本文探讨了体操教学运动损伤的特殊规律 ,为其科学的预防提供了有益的参考  相似文献   

论校园伤害事故中的相关法律责任     

魏红兰 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2006,25(2):133-134

近年来,未成年人在校学习期间遭受人身损害或造成他人人身损害的事件屡有发生,对此类问题的处理一直是社会关注的热点。就此类事故中如何承担责任及受害人提起损害赔偿请求的法律依据进行论述,提出承担该责任的主体的范围及其承担责任的基本原则。  相似文献   

梅州市业余网球爱好者运动损伤的调查研究     

朱嘉骏 《嘉应学院学报》2012,30(5):95-100

对梅州市业余网球爱好者因从事网球运动而受伤的部位、种类和原因作为研究对象进行了调查,结果发现,梅州市业余网球爱好者运动损伤以关节扭伤、肌肉拉伤、网球肘、腱鞘炎、起水泡为主,集中在手、腿和肘处。损伤原因主要有运动技术,运动训练,运动生理,运动心理和外部等5种因素.有针对性地提出5种预防措施,尽可能减小网球运动损伤的人数、次数以及损伤程度.  相似文献   

普通高校排球运动员运动损伤及预防     

王培培  徐志平 《衡水学院学报》2012,14(1):73-75

研究主要采用文献资料法、观察法和逻辑分析方法,对高校排球专业与非排球专业的学生,在排球运动的学习和训练中常见的运动损伤进行调研、分析,提出思想上重视运动中的损伤,积极地采取预防措施防止损伤,伤后要做些辅助练习等措施,为今后更好地预防排球损伤提供一些理论参考,使参加排球运动的学生减少伤病的痛苦.  相似文献   

对行政自由裁量权的司法审查——以工伤认定行政案件为例     

刘江波 《十堰职业技术学院学报》2012,25(1):35-38

行政自由裁量权是行政主体在行政执法中运用最广泛的一种权力。行政自由裁量权的合理利用可以充分发挥行政机关的职能,但其也有被滥用的可能,因此必须加强控制,而司法审查是比较有效的控制手段之一,但法院对于除行政处罚之外的行政自由裁量活动应如何审查,法律却没有明确规定。本文通过对工伤认定行政案件进行具体分析,得出法院在此审查过程中需要考量的因素。  相似文献   

排球运动中踝、膝关节损伤与应力性骨折损伤机制分析及运动干预     

张宇 《宜春学院学报》2012,34(4):112-115

排球是一项普及程度极广的体育运动,对参加者的跳跃能力有很强的要求。跳跃落地动作对下肢的冲击是造成排球运动中膝、踝关节损伤与应力性骨折的重要原因。本文对损伤产生的机制进行了相应分析,并提出了相应运动干预的措施以有效避免损伤的发生。  相似文献   

Student injuries in the dissecting room     

Jon Cornwall  Tilman M. Davies  David Lees 《Anatomical sciences education》2013,6(6):404-409

Cadaver dissection is the first opportunity for many students to practice handling human tissue and is their first exposure to the occupational hazards involved with this task. Few studies examine dissection room injuries to ascertain the dangers associated with dissecting. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of dissection room injuries from four student cohorts over an eleven‐year period (2001–2011), including second‐year medical students, third‐year medical students, second‐year dental students, and third‐year science students. Injury data included activity causing injury, object responsible, and injury site. A total of 163 injuries during 70,039 hours of dissection were recorded, with 66 in third‐year medical students, 42 in second‐year medical students, 36 in third‐year science students, and 16 in second‐year dental students. The overall rate was 2.87 injuries per 1,000 dissection hours, with second‐year medical students most frequently injured (5.5 injuries per 1,000 hours); third‐year medical students were least frequently injured (1.3 injuries per 1,000 hours). A significant difference in injury rates between student groups indicated a higher than expected injury rate to second‐year medical students and lower than expected rates to third‐year medical students. Injury rates increased for most groups between 2001–2006 and 2007–2011 periods. Most injuries (79%) were from scalpel cuts to the finger or thumb. This study provides injury rates for dissection room injuries to students, indicating differences in injury frequency between cohorts and an increase in injury rate over time. As scalpel cuts were the most likely injury mechanism, targeting scalpel handling with preventative strategies may reduce future injury risk. Anat Sci Educ 6: 404–409. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献