The unfading power of collegiality? University governance in Poland in a European comparative and quantitative perspective     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2015

This paper studies the applicability of theoretical models of university governance from the international research literature to the Polish system. In particular, it is to test the applicability of a collegial model in the Polish case. The research question was ‘to what extent is a collegial model reflected in actual governance patterns found in the Polish university sector’. This is based on large-scale internationally comparable quantitative material. The empirical evidence for it comes from 3700 returned surveys in Poland (and more than 17,000 in eleven European countries) produced for two international research projects focused on the academic profession (CAP: “Changing Academic Profession” and EUROAC: “The Academic Profession in Europe”). This paper concludes that Polish universities are operating according to the traditional collegial model of the university as a “community of scholars” to an extent that is unparalleled in Western Europe. A detailed study of selected variables and specifically constructed indexes indicates that the defining feature of Polish academia today is the power of academic collegial bodies. The influence of collegial bodies on academic decision-making in Poland is the highest in Europe; and, in contrast, the power of the government and external stakeholders is the lowest. However, academics, sharing the “republic of scholars” institutional vision of the university, and still highly influential in university decision-making, are currently confronted with higher education reforms grounded in an instrumental vision of the university (in which it is a tool for national political agendas). Consequently, powerful value-driven clashes between the academic community and the community of policymakers and reformers are to be expected to intensify. The major theoretical concepts used in this paper come from Johan P. Olsen’s, Ian McNay’s and Robert Birnbaum’s studies of university governance, and its findings are presented from a European comparative and quantitative perspective.  相似文献   

公立高校法人制度的双界性：法源、问题与治理     

金家新  张力 《复旦教育论坛》2015,(1)

建立和完善中国特色的现代大学制度必须确立和坚持法人化治理结构。法人化既使我公立高校获得了公权主体身份,也使其具有了相对独立的私权主体资格。公立高校法人明显地具有机关法人色彩,同时也具有我国《民法通则》所规定的民事法人特质。高校法人的双界性导致了法人治理结构内外部的制衡与保障机制并未得到建立与遵守,公立高校的公益性没有得到准确、有效的发挥。因此,我们需要秉持“良法”与“善治”的精神,建立以学术权力和教育权力为主体的高校法人治理结构。  相似文献   

Effects of different policy approaches on sport facility utilisation strategies     

《Sport Management Review》2015,18(4):529-541

The consequences of subsidising sport facilities have so far not been a focus of sport facilities research. In this article, we propose a conceptual framework for assessing the effects that different public subsidies have on the utilisation of private non-profit sport facilities. Based on theories drawn from the public administration literature three different subsidy schemes are introduced: New Public Management, Governance and Budget. How they will influence the utilisation of a sport facility is assessed using insights from institutional and motivational theory from political science along with the role the voluntary sport organisations play in sport facilities. The resulting conceptual framework consists of twelve different strategies. It is argued that it is likely that a sport facility will choose one or more of these, and which strategies it chooses will impact the level of utilisation. The aim of the article is to show plausible conjectures for future empirical research into how to increase sport facility utilisation via different policies and thus inform future research into the complex interplay between the public sector, sport facilities and voluntary sport organisations.  相似文献   

《高等学校学术委员会规程》的突破与展望：文本分析的视角     

汪洋  龚怡祖 《复旦教育论坛》2014,12(5):64-69

《高等学校学术委员会规程》的颁布,对于完善大学内部治理结构无疑是利好消息。对比《高等学校学术委员会规程》征求意见稿与正式公布稿的文本内容,不难发现两者之间有所区别,具体表现在规范表述、修订表述、增补表述三个方面。与征求意见稿相比,正式公布稿在诸多方面有所突破,但也存在一些不足。这促使我们在正式公布稿的实施和未来修订中,需要进一步厘清学术委员会权力的内涵与边界、理顺学术治理结构的内部关系、强化学术权力的规制机制。  相似文献   

澳门东亚大学章程的变迁及对内地高校章程建设的启示     

张红峰 《复旦教育论坛》2014,12(5):70-76

澳门现代高等教育起源于1981年建立的东亚大学,其章程设立具有明显的微型地域和多元文化特征。随着澳门进入回归过渡期,东亚大学完成了从私立到公立的转型。新的章程反映出转型期内政治、文化的影响,并理顺了东亚大学的治理结构,其制度构建同时体现了大学"内生"的学术诉求及"外生"的博弈结果。内地高校章程制定属于后发外生型,可以从东亚大学章程变迁的过程中获得一些启示。  相似文献   

整体性治理与分散性治理比较研究——基于经典组织理论四分法的思考     

张晓君 《四川职业技术学院学报》2014,(6):10-13

整体性治理和分散性治理之间存在明显的差异,整体性治理主张通过减少部门数量、扩大部门规模,通过加强部门之间的合作来解决政府在改革过程中出现的空心化、碎片化问题;分散性治理则认为要增加部门,缩小部门规模从而促进部门的专业性,以此来更好地保护公众权益。本文从组织理论视角,以分工、合作、集权/分权和规模为内容对两种治理治理理论进行比较,在此基础上提出治理理论的发展应该超越非此即彼的逻辑,实现多种治理模式融合发展是实现良好的治理关键。  相似文献   

行政治理的创新维度     

梅凯龙 《十堰职业技术学院学报》2014,(4):47-51

十八届三中全会公报指出:"全面深化改革的总目标是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。"行政治理是国家治理体系的重要组成部分。"国家治理体系和治理能力现代化"的要求,需要进一步落实在行政治理上,创新行政治理是新时代的任务。本文从治理理论着手,阐述在善治、法治、共治三个维度的行政治理创新。  相似文献   

风景名胜区“景中村”治理模式选择研究     

程质彬 《乐山师范学院学报》2014,(4):66-69

风景名胜区"景中村"与景区是一对矛盾统一体,"景中村"的无序发展会影响景区的可持续发展,而"景中村"的存在又具有某些积极意义,是景区的有益补充。现在的两种治理模式:整体搬迁和就地治理,各有优势,在具体治理模式的选择时,应注重从所处位置、居民收入来源、转换成本、居民意愿四个方面来进行综合考虑。和谐景区的打造需要政府、企业、居民的共同努力。  相似文献   

Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the governance choice     

Teppo Felin  Todd R. Zenger 《Research Policy》2014

Scholars have recently highlighted the promise of open innovation. In this paper, we treat open innovation—in it's different forms and manifestations—as well as internal or closed innovation, as unique governance forms with different benefits and costs. We discuss how each governance form, whether open or closed, is composed of a set of instruments that access (a) different types of communication channels for knowledge sharing, (b) different types of incentives, and (c) different types of property rights for appropriating value from innovation. We focus on the innovation “problem” as the central unit of analysis, arguing for a match between problem types and governance forms, which vary from open to closed and which support alternative forms of solution search. In all, the goal of this paper is to provide a comparative framework for managing innovation, where we delineate and discuss four categories of open innovation governance forms (markets, partnerships, contests and tournaments and user or community innovation) and compare them with each other and with two internal or closed forms of innovation governance (authority and consensus-based hierarchy).  相似文献   

On the management of open innovation     

Alfonso Gambardella  Claudio Panico 《Research Policy》2014

In an open innovation relationship, the party that owns a key asset enjoys bargaining power that discourages the investments of the other party in the collaboration. We show that these incentives can be restored by conferring on the weak party the power to take decisions during the research process – e.g., a pharmaceutical firm with manufacturing and commercialization assets offers the direction of a joint research project to a biotech partner. However, on many occasions, the strong party still captures more value from the collaboration by retaining the power to take decisions during research even if it produces less innovation value and fewer aggregate profits. We conclude that the potential of open innovation is underexploited. In particular, owners may not release enough power to take decisions on the use of their assets.  相似文献