Balancing Cultural Diversity and Social Cohesion in Education: The Potential of Shared Education in Divided Contexts     

Rebecca Loader  Joanne Hughes 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2017,65(1):3-25

This article considers how the education systems of divided societies have been shaped in response to the experience of ethnic and religious conflict. The analysis identifies two competing priorities in such contexts – the development of social cohesion and the protection of cultural, ethnic and religious identities – and explores how these may be reconciled through a model of ‘shared education’. Drawing on research evidence and recent experience of shared education in Northern Ireland, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Cyprus, we reflect on the advantages and challenges of this model in areas experiencing conflict and division.  相似文献   

Interagency collaboration: Strengthening substance abuse resources in child welfare     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

Supporting child welfare (CW) workers’ ability to accurately assess substance abuse needs and link families to appropriate services is critical given the high prevalence of parental substance use disorders (SUD) among CW-involved cases. Several barriers hinder this process, including CW workers’ lack of expertise for identifying SUD needs and scarcity of treatment resources. Drawing from theories and emergent literature on interagency collaboration, this study examined the role of collaboration in increasing the availability of resources for identifying and treating SUDs in CW agencies. Using data from the second cohort of families from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, study findings highlight a lack of SUD resources available to CW workers. On the other hand, the availability of SUD resources was increased when CW agencies had a memorandum of understanding, co-location of staff, and more intense collaboration with drug and alcohol service (DAS) providers. These results provide evidence to support efforts to improve collaboration between CW and DAS providers and showcase specific collaboration strategies to implement in order to improve service delivery.  相似文献   

Manipulating cognitive engagement in preparation-to-collaborate tasks and the effects on learning     

《Learning and Instruction》2017

While collaborating with a peer can be highly beneficial for learning, more work is needed to understand how instructional activities in collaborative contexts should be designed so as to maximize learning outcomes. To address this, we investigated the impact of different types of preparatory and cognitively engaging tasks on learning from collaborating, using a 2 × 2 experimental study conducted in situ in four introductory psychology classes. We compared individual preparation versus no-preparation and “active” versus “constructive” tasks. A dyadic multilevel analysis showed that preparation prior to collaborating led to better deep learning outcomes, but that the type of preparation did not have a significant effect. We include an exploratory analysis of student dialogues during collaboration to further interpret our findings. We propose that a cognitively engaging preparation phase may lead to better learning because it encourages students to collaborate constructively even when the type of task does not elicit such engagement.  相似文献   

Cross-sector collaboration in upper secondary school vocational education: experiences from two industrial towns in Sweden and Norway     

Grete Rusten  Brita Hermelin 《Journal of Education & Work》2017,30(8):813-826

This study explores industry–education collaboration on vocational education and training (VET) in upper secondary schools in Sweden and Norway, with particular attention to the initiatives, organisation and operational management, and aspects of robustness and lock-in effects. The case studies include two upper secondary schools situated in manufacturing based towns, which are similar in size and industrial structure, and have the dual system of education. Pupils come from these towns and other places in the surrounding region. The research design is based on a mixed-method approach, including interviews and other sources of information from schools and industry. This covered organisational and operational levels, corporate motives and arrangements, industrial composition, labour market conditions, and other regional and national characteristics. The results demonstrated how shared goals of improving the reputation and quality of VET and meeting industries’ needs for skills formed in two distinct organisational models. These findings raise concerns about the robustness of these collaborations, since how changes occur in companies’ economic situations may affect their ability and motivation to participate in VET training. The authors conclude that the arrangements have had success but may create a lock-in-situation regarding the companies’ ability to restructure and develop new skills for new sectors.  相似文献   

科学家与产业合作的矛盾心理及其影响     

温珂  毛梦雪  苏宏宇  袁文龙 《科学学研究》2016,(7):967-976

本文选择矛盾心理这一社会心理学分析视角,首次提出科学家与产业合作的矛盾心理这一概念,并据此在合作创新的制度环境与微观行为之间建立起关联,拓展了跨学科讨论创新政策作用机制的研究。文中对科学家矛盾心理产生的主客观条件进行了深刻剖析,围绕矛盾心理对科学家与产业合作的行为选择的影响以及领导支持对矛盾心理与合作行为之间关系的影响进行了理论建构。论文在中科院下属获得产业界横向经费较多的前30家研究所中选取2854名科学家为样本展开验证分析。实证研究发现,矛盾心理程度越高的科学家,越不会与产业合作;科学家所在单位的领导者对科学家的矛盾心理和合作创新之间的关系发挥调节作用:如果领导比较支持产学研合作,则能够显著弱化矛盾心理对合作创新的消极影响。本文的研究发现对于政策制定具有两点重要启示:第一,从降低矛盾心理出发,关注创新政策的配套和衔接,避免逻辑上对立的政策打包共同作用于政策对象,造成政策对象的心理矛盾状态。第二,从激励科学家个人转向更加关注科研组织建设。组织已被证明比个人更长于应对协调张力和降低矛盾心理,所以,建立现代科研院所制度,发展出二元型科研组织——一方面开展探索性的基础前沿研究、另一方面开展面向产业需求的应用研究,应是深化科技体制改革的重中之重。  相似文献   

高校合作参与机制的博弈分析     

邓尚民  韩靖 《软科学》2007,21(6):79-82

从博弈论角度分析了高校合作博弈的动态性,揭示了高校合作群体逐步壮大的原因;并从四种博弈类型入手,重点用海萨尼变换对高校合作的参与策略进行博弈分析,解释了高校合作参与机制中的收益问题。  相似文献   

Women in interdisciplinary science: Exploring preferences and consequences     

Diana Rhoten  Stephanie Pfirman 《Research Policy》2007,36(1):56-75

For at least a decade, U.S. funding agencies and university campuses have promoted the expansion of interdisciplinary research. At the same time, federal and local programs have sought to increase the participation of women and minorities in science, mathematics, and engineering. Research has focused on each of these trends independently, but very few studies have considered their interaction by asking how intellectual preferences for and professional consequences of interdisciplinary science might be influenced by gender, race, and/or ethnicity. Focused specifically on gender, this paper considers the expectation that women will be more drawn to interdisciplinary research, and explores the learning styles, work preferences, and career behaviors that might anticipate and/or explicate gender differences in interdisciplinary science. Principal mechanisms by which researchers engage in interdisciplinarity - cross-fertilization, team-collaboration, field-creation, and problem-orientation - are tested for evidence of gendering using preliminary empirical data from three studies. The results of this exploratory analysis offer clues about possible tendencies and raise questions about the potential costs and benefits for those who adopt them.  相似文献   

University–industry interactions in applied research: The case of microelectronics     

Margherita Balconi  Andrea Laboranti 《Research Policy》2006,35(10):1616-1630

In the first part of the paper we discuss the pattern of research in microelectronics, illustrating the reasons why, in order to achieve distinguished scientific performance, universities need to collaborate with industry, and in particular academic researchers need to interact with industrial ones by face-to-face knowledge exchanges. In the second part, using patent data integrated with information collected through interviews, we measure the extent and intensity of the ties of academic with industrial researchers, and apply social network analysis to reconstruct the network of collaborations. The picture that emerges (from this Italian case) is fully consistent with the specific research pattern. Collaboration is based on teams of researchers from the two spheres, and strong connections are associated with high scientific performance. Moreover, border-crossing collaborations tend to be driven by cognitive proximity and personal relationships.  相似文献   

从“产学研”合作到“政产学研用物”合作——某超级稻技术研发的行动者网络分析     

刘磊 《科技管理研究》2016,(24):30-34

传统的"政产学研"合作主要强调人类行动者及其组织的作用。在行动者网络理论模式下,对"用户"行动者的发现和对非人行动者的重视,使得"政产学研"合作被拓展为"政产学研用物"合作。因为缺失农民行动者的参与和缺乏育种材料,超级稻品种"G"的技术研发行动者网络被证明是一个不成功的案例。研究揭示,组建行动者网络要尽可能发现行动者,重视非人行动者的作用,同时要考虑行动者的主张和需求。  相似文献   

科研合作网络及特性分析     

杨溯  刘强 《科技管理研究》2016,(1):73-78

为揭示超网络的某些特性,基于小世界模型和无标度模型,提出和建立两种超网络演化模型,并定义交叉度用于表征超网络节点之间合作关系,最后将超网络演化模型应用于中国原子能科学研究院核技术应用研究所科研合作网的实证分析。研究结果表明:不论是对于超网络理论模型还是实证分析,交叉度都能够优于以往的网络特性用于分析超网络不同层次之间节点的相互合作关系,为从理论上进一步深入分析超网络及其应用打下一定的基础。  相似文献