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21.
This article reports the findings of a one-year longitudinal study that investigated the impact of group work on the development of students’ critical thinking in Hong Kong secondary schools. It explores whether the participation of teachers in a group-based teaching intervention adapted from an earlier study conducted in the United Kingdom (UK) facilitated students’ use of critical arguments in Liberal Studies lessons. In addition to examining students’ critical thinking skills through test performance and the use of reasoned justifications in written class-work, the article also discusses the applicability to the Hong Kong context of the programme on which the intervention was based. In general, the results of the study indicate that group work is more effective than whole-class instruction in developing students’ critical-thinking skills and that students make better progress in ‘teacher-supported’ than ‘student self-directed’ group work. 相似文献
22.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(6):633-656
Although postmodernist thought has become prominent in some educational circles, its influence on science education has until recently been rather minor. This paper examines the proposal of Michalinos Zembylas, published earlier in this journal, that Lyotardian postmodernism should be applied to science educational reform in order to achieve the much sought after positive transformation. As a preliminary to this examination several critical points are raised about Lyotard's philosophy of education and philosophy of science which serve to challenge and undermine Zembylas’ project. Subsequently, the three main theses of Lyotard that Zembylas considers beneficial and wishes to transpose onto science classrooms and pedagogy are scrutinized and found to be more of a hindrance than a help to curriculum reformers. 相似文献
23.
文章分析了库恩"范式"论的形成、发展及"范式"概念,在此基础上提出了库恩"范式"理论的人文价值,进而阐述了库恩"范式"论引发的对科学的人文价值的理解,并探讨了科学的人文价值的重要意义. 相似文献
24.
Constructivism and Science Education: A Further Appraisal 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Michael R. Matthews 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2002,11(2):121-134
This paper is critical of constructivism. It examines the philosophical underpinnings of the theory, it outlines the impact of the doctrine on contemporary science education, it details the relativist and subjectivist interpretation of Thomas Kuhn's work found in constructivist writings, it indicates the problems that constructivist theory places in the way of teaching the content of science, and finally it suggests that a lot of old-fashioned, perfectly reasonable educational truisms and concepts are needlessly cloaked in constructivist jargon that inhibites communication with educationalists and policy makers. 相似文献
25.
This article argues that the analogy between conceptual changes in the history of science and conceptual changes in the development
of young children is problematic. We show that the notions of ‘conceptual change’ in Kuhn and Piaget’s projects, the two thinkers
whose work is most commonly drawn upon to support this analogy, are not compatible in the sense usually claimed. We contend
that Kuhn’s work pertains not so much to the psychology of individual scientists, but to the way philosophers and historians
should describe developments in communities of scientists. Furthermore, we argue that the analogy is based on a misunderstanding
of the nature of science and the relation between science and common sense. The distinctiveness of the two notions of conceptual
change has implications for science education research, since it raises serious questions about the relevance of Kuhn’s remarks
for the study of pedagogical issues. 相似文献
26.
梅春英 《温州大学学报(社会科学版)》2008,(6):49-53
不可通约性在库恩的科学哲学中占据了十分重要的地位,在库恩看来,不可通约性也就是范式或理论之间的不可翻译性．它主要包括以下内容：一是指不同范式之间不存在共同的评价标准,二是指在科学革命的前后,即使使用相同的概念和术语,它们之间的相互关系和意义也都发生了变化;三是指不同范式的拥护者具有不同的世界观和立场． 相似文献
27.
肖卫国 《科学技术与辩证法》2010,27(3):31-35
库恩在《科学革命的结构》一书中,很少提到＂经济＂、＂经济学＂等术语,暗中却采用了经济学的话语方式来解说科学的动态过程。库恩探讨了竞争、垄断、分工与专业化等在提升科学效率方面的重大作用。他还探讨了科学家的问题选择以及在范式革命时期的理论选择,探讨了理性科学家在理论选择中的貌似的非理性特征。 相似文献
28.
任玉凤 《内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007,39(4):117-122
劳斯在《在知识与权力》一书中的一个核心思想就是把科学理解为一种实践活动。从批判理论解释学入手来构建地方性知识理论,主张科学理论是一种实践;科学研究是一种活动;科学知识是地方性的,科学的目标不是精确的描述世界,而是为人类自身服务。认为科学研究发生在技能、实践、工具的实践等背景下,而不是发生在系统化的理论背景下,在此基础上,他提出了实践优位的科学哲学思想。 相似文献
29.
在符号互动论的研究上，布鲁默和库恩这两个人的观点有相同处，但更值得关注的是不同的地方，他们之间存在着较为尖锐的对立观点。这些体现在对人性、互动、社会组织、方法和理论建构等方面的异同上。从布鲁默与库恩的研究和分析中，可以使我们更加深刻的窥见到符号互动学说的基本框架、主要观点和本质内容。 相似文献
30.
本文将致力于阐述这样一种哲学努力:它意在沿着库恩所提示的历史的科学哲学方向,直面发现的与境,重构科学发现的概念框架,它承认"观察渗透理论",但却并不由此走向相对主义,而坚持以理性的方式理解科学探索的过程。(1)在理解科学发现尤其是科学理论的构作过程时,引入元科学理论概念。元科学理论是指在自然哲学或科学的学科或学科分支领域上、在长时段意义上对科学探索实践起组织和引导作用的种种形而上学学说,具体地说,是指科学家关于其研究对象的本体论承诺及相关方法论构架。它们往往以成对形式出现于自然哲学或科学发展的早期阶段,并在此后科学发展过程中以升级或综合的形式不断丰富、发展。(2)以元科学理论、理论和实验三元互动框架理解科学探索和发展的过程,强调科学探索的系统性。即使是在理论缺位的情形下,科学实验探索的系统性也并没有因之解体——在元理论的组织和引导作用下,科学实验依然保持为彼此关联的、有活力的系统。(3)承认实验陈述在其产生之初以及学术交流过程中是理论负载的或元理论负载的,但坚持认为它们仍然具有跨理论或跨元理论的普遍科学意义——至少,持有不同元理论的科学家可以在充分理解的基础上以自己的术语重新表述他人的实验陈述,这是因为科学探索的主体是积极行动的主体,因为元理论之间的不相容只是局部的不相容,允许被暂时搁置,也因为实验陈述所描述的外部世界是同一的。(4)在元理论引导下发生的实验的精致化进程往往是科学发现的关键,成功的探索过程最终伴随着判决性实验(组)的出现,判决性实验(组)能够提升整个实验系统的认识层次和判决力,使之一致否决过时的理论,肯定新理论。(5)在元理论概念框架下解科学变化的类型和级别。文章对某些重要案例进行了简要的历史分析,以进一步说明元理论概念框架及其编史学价值。 相似文献