The effects of learning to spell on children’s awareness of morphology     

Terezinha Nunes  P. Bryant  Miriam Bindman 《Reading and writing》2006,19(7):767-787

Because the spelling of many words in the English language (and in many other languages as well) depends on their morphemic structure, children have to have some knowledge about morphemes in order to learn to read and write. This raises the possibility that children gain much of their explicit knowledge about morphemes as a direct result of learning to read and to spell. We report two large-scale longitudinal studies that support the idea of this kind of causal connection. In the first study children’s success in spelling the inflexion at the end of regular past verbs predicted their performance in two morphological awareness tasks a year later. In the second study the children’s consistency in spelling morphemes predicted their ability to define new words on the basis of their morphemic structure. We conclude that the experience of learning to read and write does affect people’s knowledge of morphemes, and we argue that the causal relationship between morphemic knowledge and reading and writing is probably a two-way one.  相似文献   

The links between grammar and spelling: A cognitive hurdle in deep orthographies?     

Holger Juul  Carsten Elbro 《Reading and writing》2004,17(9):915-942

A cross-sectional study tested Danish students' mastery of links between grammar and spelling (cf. the English link between past tense verbs and the -ed spelling for a word final /t/, e.g., miss ed vs. mis t). One hundred and forty-two students aged 10–17 spelled pseudo-word items with ambiguous phonemes, where the choice between a 'conditional' spelling (cf. English ed for /t/) and a simple spelling (cf. t for /t/) was predictable from the grammatical context but not from the sound. Overgeneralisations (conditional spellings used where simple spellings were appropriate) were controlled to obtain pure measures of grammatical spelling competence. The oldest group of participants performed near ceiling on four of five spelling problems studied while three younger groups in the experiment never did. The nature of the apparent grammatical hurdle in Danish spelling acquisition is discussed.  相似文献   

The effects of morphology and word length on the reading of Hebrew nominals     

Schiff  Rachel 《Reading and writing》2003,16(4):263-287

This article investigated the effects of twospecific Hebrew nominal word structures andword length, on the latency and accuracy ofgrade school children's reading ofwords. For this study, three-, four- and five-letterwords of the feminine nominalderivative structure and the feminine nominalinflectional structure, at three differentgrade levels, were used. The study alsodifferentiated between an additional vocalizedconsonant and the addition of a vowel letter.The participants, 150 native monolingual Hebrewspeakers in grades two, four and six, wereasked to read vocalized nouns. The paperreports and analyzes the differences in thereading of the two morphological structures andword lengths to draw conclusions about theireffects on reading performance. The resultsindicated that inflections took longer to readand elicited more correct responses thanderivations. For derivations with theprogression of grade level, latency becomesshorter and the number of correct responsesincreases. For inflections with the progressionof grade level, latency becomes longer but thenumber of correct responses increases. With theaddition of a consonant at all grade levels,latency becomes longer. For accuracy, therewere differential results for the differentword lengths in the different grades. With theaddition of a vowel letter, accuracy increasedin all the grade levels. Latency, for the twoword lengths, showed differential results inthe different grades. A hypothesis on readingdevelopment is suggested based on the language-specificcharacteristics of Hebrew morphologyand the double vowel system of Hebrew.  相似文献   

产后康复操对产妇形态机能恢复的影响     

王晓宇  张红品  纪翔  曹丽芹  苏建茹  芦丽雪  李昊辰  孙赛男 《当代体育科技》2020,(12):33-34

本文根据产妇生理心理特点,结合瑜伽、普拉提以及民族传统体育动作等创编了一套产后康复体操,旨在帮助恢复产妇身体形态,降低腹直肌分离指数等。通过3个月的康复训练,效果显著,说明该套康复操对产妇集中出现的典型问题康复效果显著,值得推广。建议国家、社会及家庭能采取相应措施,鼓励产妇尽早进行产后康复锻炼,帮助产妇更好回归社会。  相似文献   

运动对肾脏形态结构和功能影响的研究进展     

扈诗兴 《四川体育科学》2009,(4):31-34,38

采用文献法,对运动导致肾脏形态结构和功能改变相关研究进行了全面梳理,研究认为,目前这方面的研究存在以下问题：（1）多数研究之间相对独立,研究成果较分散;（2）定性研究多,定量研究缺乏;（3）动物实验研究多,人体实验研究缺乏。因此,现有研究成果在运动导致肾脏损伤中的切实运用,还需进一步全面、系统、定量的深入开展研究。  相似文献   

形态、心理及专项身体素质对青年女子曲棍球运动员选材的影响     

陈静  熊茹  吴熙 《四川体育科学》2011,(4):52-56

选拔优秀的青年女子曲棍球运动后备人才,是提高我国女子曲棍球运动水平的关键所在,而在以往的选材过程中,以经验选材的现象依然存在。文章运用了观察测量法、文献资料法、专家访谈法、心理测试法等四川省青年女子曲棍球运动员进行了研究,就科学地选材的原则,选材中身体形态、心理气质类型及专项身体素质与选材的关系进行了分析,提出了对选材的认识,以求提高青年女子曲棍球运动员选材的成功率。  相似文献   

二语英语中屈折词缀缺失研究及其对外语教学的启示     

林琳  王子诚 《鞍山师范学院学报》2011,13(5):50-56

英语二语学习者在使用英语时,经常会缺失动词的表示一致关系或时态的屈折后缀。本文探讨了目前对此问题的研究及其对英语学习和教学的启示。文章首先呈现英语二语学习者使用英语时丢失屈折后缀的证据,然后介绍了分布形态学和双机制理论对此问题的解释,在剖析英语二语学习者丢失屈折后缀的原因后,探讨了该研究对英语学习和教学以及测试的意义和启示。  相似文献   

基于数学形态学的图像处理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘勍  张久文  温志贤  张步达 《天水师范学院学报》2004,24(2):29-33

以形态为基础对图像处理的数学工具——数学形态学,是一种非线性滤波方法。从19世纪创立发展至今,已在不同领域得到广泛应用。数学形态学具有膨胀、腐蚀、开启和闭合四种基本运算,在图像处理中通过选择一定的结构元素,利用其基本性质对图像进行分割、噪声滤除、边缘检测等处理。但是,目前数学形态学在图像处理应用方面还面临一些问题,有待于进一步解决。今后,该门学科将会朝不同种类数学形态学快速算法的实现、优化结构元素的选取、形态运算的通用性及适应性等方向发展。  相似文献   

世界优秀男子110m栏运动员身体形态特征与运动成绩分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王新宝  郭庆双 《四川体育科学》2006,(4):72-74

通过对世界优秀男子l10m栏运动员速度、时间参数的统计处理与分析。表明最大栏间速度是决定成绩的关键因素;世界优秀110m栏运动员具有发挥速度快,加速能力强的特点:栏间速度变化均匀,节奏平稳是世界优秀运动员的一个显著特点;从分段时间看,影响成绩的关键区域是第2和第3跑段。  相似文献   

Study on Bombyx mori silk treated by oxygen plasma     

陈宇岳  林红  任煜  王红卫  朱良均 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(8)

Study of the morphology, aggregation structure and properties ofBombyx mori silk treated by low temperatureoxygen plasma showed that slight flutes appeared on the surface of Bombyx mori silk fiber and that its surface structurechanged after plasma treatment. The conformation also changed and crystalline degree decreased. The stannic filling rate oftreated fiber was improved. Because of etching, the weight of the fiber decreased but the breaking strength changed littleafter short-time treatment.  相似文献