Do systems pass university entrance exams?     

Alvaro Rodrigo  Anselmo Peñas  Yusuke Miyao  Noriko Kando 《Information processing & management》2018,54(4):564-575

Reading Comprehension tests are commonly used to assess the degree to which people comprehend what they read. This is why we work with the hypothesis that it is reasonable to use these tests to assess the degree to which a machine “comprehends” what it is reading. In this work, we evaluate Question Answering systems using Reading Comprehension tests from exams to enter University. This article analyses the datasets generated, the kind of inferences required, the methodology followed in three evaluation campaigns, the approaches presented by participants and current results. Besides, we study the evolution of systems and the main lessons learned in this evaluation process. We also show how current technologies are unable to pass university-entrance exams. This is because these tests require a deep understanding of texts, as well as detecting the similar meaning of phrases with different words. Future directions focused on these ideas seem more promising than including a massive amount of data for training systems, what has allowed systems to obtain outstanding results in Reading Comprehension tests with more straightforward questions. We think this study helps to increase the knowledge about how to develop better Question Answering systems.  相似文献   

面向图书馆关联数据的自动问答技术研究     

欧石燕  唐振贵 《中国图书馆学报》2015,41(6):44-60

早期针对语义网的自动问答主要是面向单一RDF数据集,随着网络上相互关联数据集的急速增加,迫切需要将自动问答扩展到多个RDF数据集,但同时在语义标注、答案整合方面也带来了更大的难度与挑战。本文提出了一种面向图书馆关联数据的自动问答新方法,通过将自然语言提问转换为结构化的SPARQL查询,从图书馆领域相互关联的五个RDF数据集中提取特定答案。该方法的创新点在于,将问句分为涉及一个数据集的简单句和涉及多个数据集的复杂句分别进行处理,又将简单句分为查询属性和查询实例两种类别分别制定SPARQL查询构建规则,将复杂句分解成若干个简单句进行处理,有利于SPARQL查询的构建和答案的整合。 通过实验测评,100个问句的回答精确率达到91%,表明这是一种行之有效的问答方法,对于促进关联数据在图书馆中的应用具有重要意义。图5。表5。  相似文献   

自动问答系统设计与实现     

王正华  韩永国 《人天科学研究》2014,(9):111-113

自动问答系统在搜索引擎的基础上融入了自然语言的知识与应用,与传统的依靠关键字匹配的搜索引擎相比,能够更好地满足用户的检索需求。介绍了计算机操作系统自动问答系统模型,阐述了具体开发过程,设计并实现了基于计算机操作系统领域的自动问答系统,实践表明该系统能够较为准确地回答用户问题。  相似文献   

Lexical and Syntactic knowledge for Information Retrieval     

Antonio Ferrández 《Information processing & management》2011

Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) models assume that the index terms of queries and documents are statistically independent of each other, which is intuitively wrong. This paper proposes the incorporation of the lexical and syntactic knowledge generated by a POS-tagger and a syntactic Chunker into traditional IR similarity measures for including this dependency information between terms. Our proposal is based on theories of discourse structure by means of the segmentation of documents and queries into sentences and entities. Therefore, we measure dependencies between entities instead of between terms. Moreover, we handle discourse references for each entity. It has been evaluated on Spanish and English corpora as well as on Question Answering tasks obtaining significant increases.  相似文献   

Linguistic kernels for answer re-ranking in question answering systems     

Alessandro Moschitti  Silvia Quarteroni 《Information processing & management》2011

Answer selection is the most complex phase of a question answering (QA) system. To solve this task, typical approaches use unsupervised methods such as computing the similarity between query and answer, optionally exploiting advanced syntactic, semantic or logic representations.  相似文献   

A structural support vector method for extracting contexts and answers of questions from online forums     

Yunbo Cao  Wen-Yun Yang  Chin-Yew Lin  Yong Yu 《Information processing & management》2011

This article addresses the issue of extracting contexts and answers of questions from posts of online discussion forums. In previous work, general-purpose graphical models have been employed without any customization to this specific extraction problem. Instead, in this article, we propose a unified approach to context and answer extraction by customizing the structural support vector machine method. The customization enables our proposal to explore various relations among sentences of posts and complex structures of threads. We design new inference algorithms to find or approximate the most violated constraint by utilizing the specific structure of forum threads, which enables us to efficiently find the global optimum of the customized optimizing problem. We also optimize practical performance measures by varying loss functions. Experimental results show that our methods are both promising and flexible.  相似文献   

Knowledge and reasoning for question answering: Research perspectives     

Patrick Saint-Dizier  Marie-Francine Moens 《Information processing & management》2011

This paper presents a roadmap of current promising research tracks in question answering with a focus on knowledge acquisition and reasoning. We show that many current techniques developed in the frame of text mining and natural language processing are ready to be integrated in question answering search systems. Their integration opens new avenues of research for factual answer finding and for advanced question answering. Advanced question answering refers to a situation where an understanding of the meaning of the question and the information source together with techniques for answer fusion and generation are needed.  相似文献   

基于常用问题集的问答系统设计与实现     

张梅  段建勇 《现代图书情报技术》2011,(9):83-87

针对图书出版领域的常用问题集研制自动问答系统,重点解决问句索引与检索问题。在问句索引中提出结合分词与词性标注、浅层语义分析等方法来索引问句;在问句检索中提出基于特征向量空间和语义类的方法来计算问句相似度。最后对该系统进行实现。  相似文献   

体育科研中认知数据统计处理存在的问题及对策——以主成分因子分析为例     

尹维增  张德利 《四川体育科学》2008,(4):156-160

体育科研中存在大量的认知数据，由于认知数据的特殊性，应用一般统计方法进行分析会出现不适应的问题。本文针对常规主成分因子分析在运用于认知数据时出现的不适用问题进行讨论，指出了主成分因子分析在认知数据中应用的局限性根本原因是认知数据自身的特性与主成分因子分析本质要求不一致。并从数据变换的角度提出了相应的解决方案，即运用非线性变换对认知数据进行预处理，使得数据的特性与主成分因子分析的条件相接近，然后实施常规主成分因子分析。实证研究表明对认知数据进行非线性统计变换，有效地解决了主成分因子分析运用于认知数据所产生的不适应现象，使得研究的结果更加真实可靠。  相似文献   

"问题"在物理学习中的作用     

齐东平 《六盘水师范高等专科学校学报》2003,15(4):85-86

贯彻物理新课程理念,在学科教学中注重科学探究,提高“问题”在物理教学中的作用。  相似文献