The relationship between exposure to family violence in childhood and post-traumatic stress symptoms in young adulthood: The mediating role of social support     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundExtensive research has examined the relationship between exposure to family violence and its long-term mental health effects. Social support has been found to moderate this relationship, but there is a dearth of research on its mediating role.ObjectivesThe article presents the results of a study on the relationship between witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence during childhood and adolescence on the one hand, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) during young adulthood on the other. In addition, the article presents results on the role of social support as a mediator in this relationship.Method, participants, and settingA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 516 Israeli university and college students (90.7% female, and 9.3% male; M age = 24.9, SD = 2.7) using a retrospective, self-administered questionnaire.ResultsThe results revealed that exposure to each pattern of family violence (i.e., witnessing interparental violence and experiencing parental violence) predicted higher levels of PTSS. Furthermore, social support was found to partially mediate the relationship between exposure to family violence during childhood and adolescence and current PTSS as well as its four symptoms, i.e., depression, sleep disturbance, dissociation, and anxiety.ConclusionsThe results of the current study highlight the important role of social support in the association between adversities experienced early in life and young adulthood outcomes. The findings are interpreted on the basis of Conservation of Resources Theory (Hobfoll et al., 1990), which served as the conceptual framework for the study. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Child and family traumatic stress intervention (CFTSI) reduces parental posttraumatic stress symptoms: A multi-site meta-analysis (MSMA)     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundFollowing traumatization, caregiver support is a crucial factor contributing to children's successful management of posttraumatic reactions and their recovery. Caregivers who have been traumatically impacted themselves, however, may be compromised in this posttraumatic caregiving role. Although there are a number of evidence-based child trauma treatments that are effective in reducing children's trauma symptoms, the impact of child treatment on participating caregiver's posttraumatic symptoms (PTS) has received less attention.ObjectiveExplore PTS reduction caregivers experience through participation in their child's evidence-based trauma-focused mental health treatment.Participants and setting640 Child-Caregiver dyads referred for the Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) following formal disclosure of abuse in a Child Advocacy Center (CAC).MethodsData were collected from 10 community treatment sites trained in CFTSI. A multi-site meta-analytic approach was used to evaluate pooled and site-specific therapeutic effect sizes for caregivers and children.ResultsCFTSI was associated with significant changes (Hedge's g = 1.17, Child-rated; g = 0.66, caregiver-rated) in children's PTS and with clinically meaningful improvements in PTS for 62% of participating caregivers who had started CFTSI with clinical levels of PTS as measured by the Post Traumatic Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C). The overall mean PCL-C change (9.31, SD = 12.9) in paired, pre-post PCL-C scores is close to a clinically meaningful change of 10 or higher. There was a robust moderate pooled effect size (g = 0.70, N = 640, p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe value of a reduction in caregiver PTS as a secondary outcome of children's trauma-focused treatment is discussed.  相似文献   

Emotional and behavior problems in adopted children – The role of early adversities and adoptive parents’ regulation and behavior     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundEarly adversity and negative experiences in the adoptive family can put adopted children at risk for emotional and behavior problems.ObjectiveThis study analyzes the influence of children’s preadoptive history and adoptive parents’ characteristics on the psychosocial adjustment of nationally and internationally adopted children in Germany.Participants and settingThe survey included 172 adopted children aged between 24 and 145 months and their adoptive parents.MethodsParents provided information about preadoptive history. Information about emotional and behavior problems was obtained from the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Parental well-being was obtained through a composite score of three standardized measures (self-efficacy questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale PSS-4, Brief Symptom Inventory BSI); parenting behavior was assessed with the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (DEAPQ).Results12.5% of the adopted children scored in the clinical range of the SDQ. In a multiple regression analysis, the experience of maltreatment and neglect was the most important predictor of emotional and behavior problems at time of assessment, followed by pre- and perinatal risk and parental stress regulation difficulties, R² = .423, F(4, 128) = 28.539. Increases in the number of risk factors present were associated with a greater odd of children scoring in the clinical range of the SDQ.ConclusionsMost of the nationally and internationally adopted children in this sample were well-adjusted. Prenatal and preadoptive risk as well as stress regulation capacities of the main caregiver contributed to the child’s development. An accumulation of risks increased the likelihood of adjustment problems in adopted children.  相似文献   

Constellations of risk factors as moderators of the impact of a randomized intervention on students’ reading skills in rural India     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2019

Individual, family and community risk factors might determine the success or failure of educational interventions. The study is a secondary analysis, aimed at identifying distinctive constellations of risk for educational attainment, and at exploring whether membership to these constellations moderated the impact of a cluster-randomized reading intervention in rural India. By means of latent profile analysis, four constellations of risk were identified based on individual and family risk-factors. Multilevel cumulative logit models confirmed that the intervention had a positive impact on the outcome, and revealed that profile membership did not moderate the effect of the intervention. However more nuanced analysis showed that the intervention worked differently for children with different risk-profiles depending on contextual factors.  相似文献   

黄河流域产业发展对生态环境的胁迫诊断与优化路径识别   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

金凤君  马丽  许堞 《资源科学》2020,42(1):127-136

黄河流域是中国区域发展战略格局的重要支撑区以及国土生态安全的关键区域,也是国家重要的能源安全支撑区和粮食安全基地。但受区位条件、自然地理环境和资源禀赋等因素影响,该地区经济基础相对薄弱,以能源重化工为主的单一化产业体系加重了地区生态环境负担。本文在辨析黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展主要限制因素的基础上,分析了地区产业发展对生态环境本底、大气环境、水资源与水环境、生态功能的胁迫特征,总结了地区产业发展与生态环境保护的主要矛盾及需要把握的关系;提出实现黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展目标,必须处理好产业开发布局与流域生态环境安全格局稳定、重点区域产业发展与资源环境承载能力、重点突破与系统统筹的关系。为此,建议该地区应优化产业发展路径,积极推进以绿色循环为核心的新型工业化,提升产业发展层次;以地区资源环境约束促进能源基础原材料产业规模控制和效率提升;以资源环境承载力为基础优化产业空间布局,确定适宜的产业发展空间和生态保护红线,推进重点能源化工基地建设和城市群产业集聚区建设;加强能矿资源开发的生态空间管控与生态修复,实施一批区域性生态环境治理和修复工程。  相似文献   

甲烷水对一次性力竭运动所致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用     

王茜  辛磊  陈笑欢  胡静芸  娄淑杰 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(7):43-48

摘要：目的：观察灌服甲烷水对一次性力竭运动所致大鼠心肌缺血性损伤、心脏组织内氧化应激和炎症因子的影响，探讨其对运动性心肌损伤产生保护作用的可能机制。方法：24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组（C组）、运动对照组（EP组）、运动甲烷水组（EM组）。EP组和EM组分别于运动前30 min灌服蒸馏水和甲烷水，之后进行一次性力竭跑台运动。采用化学比色法、ELISA和Luminex xMAP?技术（液态悬浮芯片技术）检测大鼠血清和心肌中生化指标。结果：1）EM组较EP组运动时间显著延长（P<0.01）。2）与C组比较，EP组大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6含量极显著升高（P<0.01），心肌eNOS水平显著降低，MDA含量显著升高（P<0.05），3-NT含量极显著性升高（P<0.01）；与EP组比较，EM组血清中cTnI水平显著上升，IL-1β、IL-6含量显著下降（P<0.05），大鼠心肌eNOS水平显著升高（P<0.05），SOD活性、T-AOC含量极显著上升（P<0.01），MDA含量、3-NT含量显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：灌服甲烷水提高大鼠运动能力，可能是通过增加心肌eNOS水平，催化NO生成，舒张血管；提高心肌抗氧化能力，改善大鼠心肌氧化应激损伤，从而对运动性心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

Does STES‐Oriented Science Education Promote 10th‐Grade Students’ Decision‐Making Capability?     

Tami Levy Nahum  David Ben‐Chaim  Ibtesam Azaiza  Orit Herskovitz 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(10):1315-1336

Today’s society is continuously coping with sustainability‐related complex issues in the Science‐Technology‐Environment‐Society (STES) interfaces. In those contexts, the need and relevance of the development of students’ higher‐order cognitive skills (HOCS) such as question‐asking, critical‐thinking, problem‐solving and decision‐making capabilities within science teaching have been argued by several science educators for decades. Three main objectives guided this study: (1) to establish “base lines” for HOCS capabilities of 10th grade students (n = 264) in the Israeli educational system; (2) to delineate within this population, two different groups with respect to their decision‐making capability, science‐oriented (n = 142) and non‐science (n = 122) students, Groups A and B, respectively; and (3) to assess the pre‐post development/change of students’ decision‐making capabilities via STES‐oriented HOCS‐promoting curricular modules entitled Science, Technology and Environment in Modern Society (STEMS). A specially developed and validated decision‐making questionnaire was used for obtaining a research‐based response to the guiding research questions. Our findings suggest that a long‐term persistent application of purposed decision‐making, promoting teaching strategies, is needed in order to succeed in affecting, positively, high‐school students’ decision‐making ability. The need for science teachers’ involvement in the development of their students’ HOCS capabilities is thus apparent.  相似文献   

Short-term heat acclimation prior to a multi-day desert ultra-marathon improves physiological and psychological responses without compromising immune status     

Ashley G. B. Willmott  Mark Hayes  Kirsty A. M. Waldock  Rebecca L. Relf  Emily R. Watkins  Carl A. James 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(22):2249-2256

Multistage, ultra-endurance events in hot, humid conditions necessitate thermal adaptation, often achieved through short term heat acclimation (STHA), to improve performance by reducing thermoregulatory strain and perceptions of heat stress. This study investigated the physiological, perceptual and immunological responses to STHA prior to the Marathon des Sables. Eight athletes (age 42 ± 4 years and body mass 81.9 ± 15.0 kg) completed 4 days of controlled hyperthermia STHA (60 min·day^?1, 45°C and 30% relative humidity). Pre, during and post sessions, physiological and perceptual measures were recorded. Immunological measures were recorded pre-post sessions 1 and 4. STHA improved thermal comfort (P = 0.02), sensation (P = 0.03) and perceived exertion (P = 0.04). A dissociated relationship between perceptual fatigue and T_re was evident after STHA, with reductions in perceived Physical (P = 0.04) and General (P = 0.04) fatigue. Exercising T_re and HR did not change (P > 0.05) however, sweat rate increased 14% (P = 0.02). No changes were found in white blood cell counts or content (P > 0.05). Four days of STHA facilitates effective perceptual adaptations, without compromising immune status prior to an ultra-endurance race in heat stress. A greater physiological strain is required to confer optimal physiological adaptations.  相似文献   

Misconceptions about traumatic brain injury among students preparing to be special education professionals     

Karen Hux  Erin Bush  Kelli Evans  Gina Simanek 《Support for Learning》2013,28(3):109-114

The researchers performed a survey study to determine the effectiveness of collegiate programmes in dispelling common misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI) while preparing undergraduate and graduate students for special education (SpEd) careers. Respondents included 136 undergraduate and 147 graduate SpEd students in their final semesters before obtaining degrees. Each completed an 18‐item true/false survey about TBI and the associated recovery process. Results were compared with survey responses from 318 lay public respondents who participated in a previous study. Two major findings emerged: (a) no significant differences existed in misconception endorsement between SpEd students completing Bachelor's versus Master's degrees; and (b) graduating students in SpEd teacher preparation programmes endorsed similar misconceptions as lay public respondents; hence, these programmes do not appear effective in dispelling common TBI misconceptions. Improving academic preparation for special educators regarding TBI is imperative for effectively identifying, assessing and serving student survivors.  相似文献   

对新形势下体育院校图书馆事业深入发展的思考--兼论2003年以来教育部对体育院校图书馆的评估   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周德书 《图书馆论坛》2005,25(6):152-155

从体育院校图书馆评估的基本内容和重点、体育院校图书馆发展现状与评估指标的列比分析、体育院校图书馆今后发展的重点、体育院校图书馆深入发展的对策几方面探讨了图书馆评估及体育院校图书馆事业的深入发展。  相似文献