Adolescent elite Kenyan runners are at risk for energy deficiency,menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating     

Esther N. Muia  Hattie H. Wright  Vincent O. Onywera  Elizabeth N. Kuria 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(7):598-606

Limited data are available on the female athlete triad (Triad) in athletes from minority groups. We explored subclinical and clinical Triad components amongst adolescent elite Kenyan athletes (n = 61) and non-athletes (n = 49). Participants completed demographic, health, sport and menstrual history questionnaires as well as a 5-day weighed dietary record and exercise log to calculate energy availability (EA). Ultrasound assessed calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD). Eating Disorder Inventory subscales and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire’s cognitive dietary restraint subscale measured disordered eating (DE). EA was lower in athletes than non-athletes (36.5 ± 4.5 vs. 39.5 ± 5.7 kcal ? kg FFM^?1 ? d^?1, P = 0.003). More athletes were identified with clinical low EA (17.9% vs. 2.2%, OR = 9.5, 95% CI 1.17–77, P = 0.021) and clinical menstrual dysfunction (32.7% vs. 18.3%, χ² = 7.1, P = 0.02). Subclinical (75.4% vs. 71.4%) and clinical DE (4.9% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.56) as well as BMD were similar between athletes and non-athletes. More athletes had two Triad components than non-athletes (8.9% vs. 0%, OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–6.9, P = 0.05). Kenyan adolescent participants presented with one or more subclinical and/or clinical Triad component. It is essential that athletes and their entourage be educated on their energy needs including health and performance consequences of an energy deficiency.  相似文献   

阅读教学的主体间性论     

俞学雷 《湖州师范学院学报》2002,24(1):41-45

阅读教学是一种带有文学解释性质的主体间性对话。从阅读教学的运行机制和内在规律来看，作为阅读教学的主体间性对话显现为文本改写的过程：学生不断地在教师引导下优化自己的解释文本，并借此最终达成知、情、意、言全方位的教育生成。这样的文本改写应遵循三个基本原则：教育性原则、文本解释的有效性原则和语言学习效能原则。  相似文献   

对高职教育人才培养模式的思考   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

王榜军  张佩生  齐明  刘庆田 《黑龙江高教研究》2001,(5):82-84

在构建高等职业技术教育人才培养模式时，应以技术应用能力和职业素质培养为主线，并注意处理好基础理论与专业知识，理论课与实践课，传统内容与现代技术，学科课程和活动课程等关系。  相似文献   

I work and don’t have time for that theory stuff: time poverty and higher education*     

Mary A. Burston 《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2017,41(4):516-529

Research suggests that working while studying may compromise academic performance although findings vary when determining if time management or time availability is more influential. A pilot study into time availability for study was undertaken with a sample of pre-service graduates undertaking a teacher preparation course at an Australian university. By adapting Vickery’s time poverty formula, a time deficit was found between recommended study time and expended time commitments. Pre-service teacher entrants worked an average of 18 hours per week, which was greater than the recommended hours of instruction. A negative imbalance between work and study hours may influence how working students achieve skills, competence and knowledge required for the profession of teaching.  相似文献   

修如旧模型中储存系统备件量的计算及其置信区间   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨军  于丹 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2004,21(4):441-446

研究了在修如旧可修系统模型下 ,对相同储存条件下同时开始储存的N个系统 ,给出了在预定储存期T0 内使N个系统正常的概率不小于P0 时所需备件数M的计算公式 .特别 ,针对储存寿命服从威布尔分布的系统 ,利用枢轴量 ,给出了前述备件数M的置信区间 ;并基于系统寿命试验的完全样本数据 ,给出系统可靠度和系统可用度Fiducial分布的计算方法 ,进而得出备件量M的置信区间的计算方法 .  相似文献   

谓词数据流图的功能性语义     

高晓雷  缪淮扣  刘玲 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2004,8(3):309-316

SOZL (structured methodology object-oriented methodology Z language) is a language that attempts to integrate structured method, object-oriented method and formal method. The core of this language is predicate data flow diagram (PDFD). In order to eliminate the ambiguity of predicate data flow diagrams and their associated textual specifications, a formalization of the syntax and semantics of predicate data flow diagrams is necessary. In this paper we use Z notation to define an abstract syntax and the related structural constraints for the PDFD notation, and provide it with an axiomatic semantics based on the concept of data availability and functionality of predicate operation. Finally, an example is given to establish functionality consistent decomposition on hierarchical PDFD (HPDFD).  相似文献   

网络环境下大学图书馆样本书库管理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾晓梅  陈春勤  何永春 《阿坝师范高等专科学校学报》2003,(3):109-112

大学图书馆样本书库以藏为主,重藏轻用的现状,抑制文献利用率,不能适应网络环境下大学图书馆发展,样本书库科学管理势在必行。样本书库可通过调整文献库文献、借阅一体化、扩大服务范围等管理方式提高文献利用率。  相似文献   

赤泥及其复合钝化剂对土壤铅、镉和砷的稳定效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

史力争  陈惠康  吴川  黄柳  崔梦倩  薛生国 《中国科学院大学学报》2018,35(5):617-626

采用土壤培育实验,研究赤泥、酸改性赤泥、沸石、石膏和硫酸亚铁及其复配对复合污染土壤铅、镉、砷有效性的影响。结果表明,赤泥经酸改性处理后铝、钙和铁进一步释放,表面结构发生变化;与对照相比,添加0.5%酸改性赤泥、赤泥与硫酸亚铁复配、酸改性赤泥与沸石复配后,土壤有效态铅含量分别降低1.96%～76.47%、4.94%～75.01%和5.47%～68.44%;加入0.5%酸改性赤泥、赤泥与硫酸亚铁复配后,土壤有效态镉含量分别降低27.78%和15.04%;赤泥与石膏复配和赤泥与硫酸亚铁复配处理降低土壤有效态砷含量效果优于其他钝化材料,培育7、15、30和60 d后砷有效态分别降低0.41%、37.87%、5.41%、3.72%和55.60%、13.81%、37.85%、25.36%;赤泥与硫酸亚铁复配对铅-镉-砷复合污染土壤重金属钝化效果最佳。  相似文献   

不同单元组成的并联系统的可用度分析     

佛显超  谢红卫 《上海海事大学学报》2001,22(3):187-189

应用马尔科夫模型研究不同单元组成的并联可维修系统是作一些合理的假设，从而使用马尔科夫分析方法可成功分析该系统的可用度。  相似文献   

Performance of LIDAR- and radar-based turbulence intensity measurement in comparison with anemometer-based turbulence intensity estimation based on aircraft data for a typical case of terrain-induced turbulence in association with a typhoon     

P.W.CHAN  Y.F.LEE 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2013,14(7):469-481

The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) provides low-level turbulence alerting service for the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) through the windshear and turbulence warning system (WTWS). In the WTWS, turbulence intensities along the flight paths of the airport are estimated based upon correlation equations established between the surface anemometer data and the turbulence data from research aircraft before the opening of the airport. The research aircraft data are not available on day-to-day basis. The remote sensing meteorological instruments, such as the Doppler light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and radar, may be used to provide direct measurements of turbulence intensities over the runway corridors. The performances of LIDAR- and radar-based turbulence intensity data are studied in this paper based on actual turbulence intensity measurements made on 423 commercial jets for a typical case of terrain-induced turbulence in association with a typhoon. It turns out that, with the tuning of the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve between hit rate and false alarm rate, the LIDAR-based turbulence intensity measurement performs better than the anemometer-based estimation of WTWS for turbulence intensity at moderate level or above. On the other hand, the radar-based measurement does not perform as well when compared with WTWS. By combining LIDAR- and radar-based measurements, the performance is slightly better than WTWS, mainly as a result of contribution from LIDAR-based measurement. As a result, the LIDAR-based turbulence intensity measurement could be used to replace anemometer-based estimate for non-rainy weather conditions. Further enhancements of radar-based turbulence intensity measurement in rain would be necessary.  相似文献