竞技状态的理论审视     

张卫强  林劲杨  喻跃龙 《河北体育学院学报》2014,(2):48-52

立足于运动训练与竞赛实践,运用马克思主义哲学观点,在初步阐述竞技状态基本内涵的基础上,对竞技状态进行了理论审视。指出:用唯物辩证法和实践的观点认识、分析和研究竞技状态;竞技状态是复杂性和简单性的辩证统一;是易变性和稳定性的辩证统一;是可调整性和一定程度的可控性的辩证统一;对竞技状态的评价应该将生理生化指标评价、运动成绩评价和应对水平评价结合起来;竞技状态与运动成绩的关系是对称性和非对称性的辩证统一。旨在更为全面、科学的认识运动状态。  相似文献   

平面与空间的转化，变与不变的升华--立体几何翻折问题探究     

尉根强 《科教文汇》2014,(12):150-151

翻折问题是立体几何的重要问题,是平面几何与空间几何问题转化的集中体现。翻折问题的探究必须充分利用不变量和不变关系,抓住翻折前后始终位于折线同侧的几何量和位置关系保持不变。  相似文献   

Reliabilities of leg and vertical stiffness during treadmill running     

Panagiotis Pappas  Charilaos Tsolakis  Athanasia Smirniotou  Jean-Benoit Morin 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(4):391-399

The aim of this study was to determine the intra-participant variabilities (i.e. intra-day and inter-day reliabilities) in leg and vertical stiffness, as well as related kinematic parameters, during treadmill running using the sine-wave method. Twenty-two healthy men ran on a treadmill at 4.44 m/s, and the flight and contact times were measured with a high-speed video camera. Three 30-s running bouts with 2-min inter-bout rests were performed to examine the intra-day reliability, and single 30-s running bouts on three separate days with 24- to 48-h inter-bout intervals were performed to examine the inter-day reliability. The reliability statistics included repeated-measure analyses of variance, average inter-trial correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, and the coefficient of variation. Both leg and vertical stiffness produced high ICCs within 0.972 and 0.982, respectively, and between 0.922 and 0.873 days, respectively. High values were also observed for all of the reliability coefficients. Similar results were found regarding contact time, flight time, step length, and step rate. It was concluded that the measurements of leg and vertical stiffness, as well as related kinematic parameters, obtained using the sine-wave method during treadmill running at 4.44 m/s, were highly reliable, both within and across days.  相似文献   

噪声应激对血压及心率变异性的影响     

胡军祥  杨琼霞  黄佩龙  朱栋奎  姜玉新 《科技通报》2007,23(5):681-683,740

对被试者分别进行80dB和100dB的噪声刺激，并在第1、5、10、15和20d测定被试者的动脉血压和心电图，并分析心率变异性变化。实验结果表明：噪声应激使被试者的收缩压升高，心率加快．但对舒张压影响不明显，心率变异性频谱分析显示，高频成分、低频成分增大，而R-R间期减小，而且100dB的作用比80dB显著。提示噪声应激对人体心血管系统的活动有明显的影响。  相似文献   

论儒家忠恕与其人性论的内在契合     

安晋军 《济宁师范专科学校学报》2011,32(1):15-18

儒家忠恕的核心内涵为＂尽己而推己＂,其关键是一＂推＂字。儒家人性论纵有多种主张,但其逻辑旨归是一致的,即人性可塑,人性可向善。忠恕思想和儒家人性论的内在契合主要表现为形式上的契合和实质上的契合两个方面。其一,从形式上看,儒家忠恕思想以其内在的自然演绎的逻辑进路表征了人性可向善的信念;其二,儒家忠恕思想在实质上尊重了交往主体相互的欲求,体现了相互尊重和平等的精神,给自己和他人带来了实实在在的好处。  相似文献   

英语专业大学生心理链条变异的社会基础     

李琳 《湖南第一师范学报》2014,(1):61-62,66

单一知识群体的社会价值具有单级性,而社会发展的动力以知识结构差异性、多元性、特质性为突出标志。影响英语专业大学生心理的决定因素除学域诱发因素外,"顶层设计"的个体化特质归类,是抚慰心理、矫正心理、激励心理的根本路径。  相似文献   

少年和成年业余长跑运动员急性耐力运动后心脏自主神经恢复观察研究     

黄传业  田野  聂金雷 《体育科学》2012,32(9):11-16

目的:观察少年和成年男子业余跑运动员一次急性耐力运动后心率变异(HRV)变化特征,并探讨运动后HRV变化生理学意义。方法:少年(14.4±1.3岁)与成年(25.7±2.8岁)受试者各10名,进行1次90min、强度为95%个体无氧阈强度跑台运动。在运动前、运动后15min以及运动后6h测定HRV。结果:运动后15min,TPLn、HFnu和HRV各时域指标明显低于运动前水平,LFnu和LF/HF显著升高;少年受试者HFnu降幅、LFnu和LF/HF升幅明显低于成年受试者(P<0.05)。运动后6h,HRV各指标均已恢复,其中,TPLn、SDNN、HFnu和RMSSD有反弹的迹象。运动后HFnu相对运动前的降幅与受试者年龄呈负相关关系(r=-0.645,P<0.01,n=20);另外,HFnu、TPLn相对运动前降低程度与运动前水平高度负相关(P<0.05,n=20)。结论:一次急性耐力运动后HRV出现短暂抑制现象,少年受试者运动后HRV降低幅度相对成年较低,可能与发育成熟度不同有关,急性运动后HRV变化可能是运动适应的生理表现。  相似文献   

Visual function,performance, and processing of basketball players vs. sedentary individuals     

Jesús Vera  Raimundo Jimnez  David Crdenas  Beatriz Redondo  Jos Antonio García 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):587-594

BackgroundAthletes tend to have better visuo-motor performance than do sedentary individuals. However, several basic visual-function and perceptual parameters remain unexplored to date. In this study, we investigated whether differences exist in visual function, performance, and processing between basketball players and individuals without a sport-involvement background.MethodsA total of 33 healthy men with no visual impairment or pathology were divided into 2 groups, depending on the involvement in sport (semi-professional basketball players and sedentary individuals). We tested their baseline heart-rate variability in the resting position apart from subjective questionnaires to determine their physical fitness level, and we checked their visual function, performance, and processing through an extended battery of optometric tests.ResultsThe 2 groups differed in resting heart-rate variability parameters (p < 0.001), confirming their dissimilarities in regular time practising sports per week. The basketball players showed a closer breakpoint and recovery nearpoint of convergence, a higher fusional-vergence rate, better discriminability halos, and better eye–hand coordination (all p values < 0.05).ConclusionThese results show evidence that athletes, basketball players in this case, exhibit better performance in several visual abilities in comparison to a group of individuals without sporting backgrounds, suggesting an improvement due to the systematic involvement of those skills during basketball practice.  相似文献   

Muscle force characteristics of male and female collegiate cross-country runners during overground running     

C. Nathan Vannatta  Thomas G. Almonroeder  Thomas W. Kernozek  Stacey Meardon 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):542-551

ABSTRACT

Males and females demonstrate unique running mechanics that may contribute to sex-related differences in common running related injuries. Understanding differences in muscle forces during running may inform intervention approaches, such as gait retraining addressing muscle force distribution. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle force characteristics and inter-trial variability between males and females during running. Twenty female and 14 male collegiate cross-country runners were examined. Three-dimensional kinetic and kinematic data were collected during overground running and used to estimate muscle forces via musculoskeletal modelling. Principle components analysis was used to capture the primary sources of variance from the muscle force waveforms. The magnitude of the forces for the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were higher across the majority of stance in male runners regardless of footstrike pattern. Males also demonstrated greater inter-trial variability in the timing of the peak gluteus maximus force and the magnitude of local peaks in the gastrocnemius force waveform. Male and female collegiate cross-country runners appear to employ unique lower extremity muscle force characteristics during overground running.  相似文献   

Variability in children’s early reading strategies     

Lee Farrington‐Flint  Emily Coyne  James Stiller  Emily Heath 《教育心理学》2008,28(6):643-661

The present study examines the development of sight word reading in young children by examining changes in their self‐reported reading strategies over time. A sample of 65 five to seven year olds were asked to read 40 real word items, all carefully matched for letter length and word frequency, on three separate occasions. Changes in the children’s word identifications were measured using immediately retrospective verbal self‐reports. Overall, the results showed some variability in the children’s self‐reported reading strategies. Over time the children relied less on phonological strategies and moved towards reliance on directly retrieving words from memory. This change was most evident in the older children; while both year groups showed similar patterns of shifting reliance from explicit phonological strategies to retrieval, this shift was simply less frequent among the younger children. An analysis of word‐specific changes in reading strategies showed that the older children had a better sight vocabulary for more complex word items. These findings provide further support for Ehri’s mediated phase theory in explaining children’s development in learning to read.  相似文献