地位竞争视角下员工主动性行为与创新绩效的关系研究     

唐于红  赵琛徽  毛江华  丁振阔 《科研管理》2021,42(3):191-200

本研究基于领导-成员交换理论和社会支配理论,在等级制度和高权力距离的中国文化背景下,从地位竞争视角出发研究员工主动性行为、领导-成员交换关系、领导地位威胁感知与个体创新绩效之间的关系。基于13个组织的630套上下级配对问卷数据,采用层级线性回归模型对假设进行检验,本研究发现员工主动性行为正向影响其创新绩效,领导-成员交换关系中介了二者之间的正向关系,领导地位威胁感知削弱了员工主动性行为与创新绩效、员工主动性行为与领导-成员交换关系之间的正向关系。研究结果为员工主动性行为的研究提供了新的视角和框架,同时对企业管理实践有一定的现实意义。  相似文献   

Examining the relationships between challenge and threat cognitive appraisals and coaching behaviours in football coaches     

Martin Dixon  Martin J. Turner  Jamie Gillman 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2446-2452

Previous research demonstrates that sports coaching is a stressful activity. This article investigates coaches’ challenge and threat cognitive appraisals of stressful situations and their impact on coaching behaviour, using Blascovich and Mendes’ (2000) biopsychosocial model as a theoretical framework. A cross-sectional correlational design was utilised to examine the relationships between irrational beliefs (Shortened general attitude and belief scale), challenge and threat appraisals (Appraisal of life events scale), and coaching behaviours (Leadership scale for sports) of 105 professional football academy coaches. Findings reveal significant positive associations between challenge appraisals and social support, and between threat appraisals and autocratic behaviour, and a significant negative association between threat appraisals and positive feedback. Results also show that higher irrational beliefs are associated with greater threat, and lesser challenge cognitive appraisals. However, no associations were revealed between irrational beliefs and challenge cognitive appraisals. Additionally, findings demonstrate a positive relationship between age and training and instruction. Results suggest that practitioners should help coaches to appraise stressful situations as a challenge to promote positive coaching behaviours.  相似文献   

The Impact of Narratives on Attitudes toward Muslim Immigrants in the U.S.     

《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2013,42(4):400-415

ABSTRACT

This study examined the impact of narratives on attitudes toward Muslim immigrants in the U.S. Based on a 2 (content: acceptance vs. rejection) × 2 (narrator: Muslim vs. American) plus control condition design, 479 participants read one of five messages. More contact and positive attribution toward Muslim immigrants was associated less threat and exclusion. The American narrator telling a rejection narrative was the most disliked and received little empathy. Overall, narratives describing Muslim immigrants’ experience of rejection were more impactful on participant intention to engage in pro-social behaviours. This study discussed the implications of narratives in bias reduction efforts.  相似文献   

网络信息资源的安全威胁与对策   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘东苏  杨波 《情报学报》2001,20(5):545-549

网络信息资源的安全问题 ,由于其危害性的不断增加、危害范围的不断扩大 ,越来越受到人们的普遍关注。本文对网络遭受攻击的原因以及网络安全威胁的种类进行了分析 ,并给出了相应的安全对策  相似文献   

Following the instructions!: Effects of gender beliefs in mental rotation     

Angelica Mo  Francesca Pazzaglia 《Learning and individual differences》2006,16(4):369-377

Research has widely demonstrated male superiority in the Mental Rotation Test (MRT). Various explanations have been put forward to account for these differences. We considered gender beliefs and argued that women may fare less well than men partly because they are considered unable to perform this kind of task. Beliefs about spatial ability were experimentally manipulated in samples of 107 female and of 90 male high-school students, divided into three groups, following the instructions: men are better, women are better, general (with no gender reference). Our data show that women who expect to be more able than men and men who expect to be more able than women outperformed their counterparts. MRT performance fell for those expecting to be less able. The effects of induced beliefs on cognitive performance are stressed, particularly in the educational context.  相似文献   

Cultural‐competence considerations for contemporary school‐based threat assessment     

Meagan D. O&#x;Malley  Leora Wolf‐Prusan  Cecilia Lima Rodriguez  Randy Xiong  Mary Rose Swarts 《Psychology in the schools》2019,56(2):255-275

Threat‐assessment procedures are advanced for their utility in reducing racial disparities in punitive and exclusionary school discipline outcomes. Generally unexamined, however, is bias in who gets referred for school‐based threat assessment and under what circumstances. Cultural‐competence considerations hold promise for addressing sources of bias in the evaluation of threats made in the school setting. Using a quantitative approach, this systematic literature review examines the degree to which contemporary cultural‐competence considerations are embedded in 24 school‐based threat‐assessment articles published between 2007 and 2017. Results indicate generally poor coverage of considerations for cultural competence both within and across threat‐assessment articles. An analysis of change in cultural‐competence considerations by year of publication suggests that more recently published threat‐assessment literature has generally not integrated concurrent advancements in concepts of cultural competence. Preliminary guidance for incorporating contemporary cultural‐competence considerations into school‐based threat‐assessment procedures are provided.  相似文献   

The psychosocial experience of high school girls highly susceptible to stereotype threat: A phenomenological study     

Katherine Picho 《The Journal of educational research》2016,109(6):608-623

The author used phenomenology to explore the subjective experience of ninth-grade girls susceptible to mathematics-related stereotype threat in their authentic learning environments. The sample constituted students categorized as either having low or high susceptibility to stereotype threat (SST) enrolled in Honors mathematics classes at an urban high school in the Northeast United States. Results showed that high-SST students experienced a wide range of negative emotions regarding both mathematics and its learning context. Emotions commonly experienced by this group included low self-efficacy and hopelessness specific to learning mathematics, frustration, and feelings of isolation (both social and intellectual) in their classes. Experiences common to these students were perceived differential teacher treatment, and stereotype endorsement linking mathematics ability to fixed traits such as race or genetics. Low-SST students, on the other hand, experienced positive relationships with their teachers, positive schooling experiences, and a malleable view of intelligence.  相似文献   

存在主义的接受与超越——大江健三郎《个人的体验》解读     

邓轶芳 《天中学刊》2007,22(4):87-89

大江健三郎深受萨特、加缪存在主义的影响,其创作的两个突出主题是核威胁和残疾儿问题。他的《个人的体验》表现了"反英雄"人物的无力感和逃避意识,其中的责任代替逃避、"希望"代替"绝望"的光明结局,则表现了大江健三郎对存在主义前辈大师们的超越。  相似文献   

The role of stereotype threat in ethnically minoritized students’ science motivation: A four-year longitudinal study of achievement and persistence in STEM     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2021

Grounded in expectancy-value and stereotype threat theories, this four-year longitudinal study examined associations between changes in stereotype threat and motivation (self-efficacy, task values, and perceived costs) among 425 undergraduates from racial/ethnic groups typically underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Growth analyses indicated that students’ stereotype threat and perceived cost of studying science increased during college, whereas science self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and attainment value declined. Parallel growth analyses suggested that higher initial stereotype threat related to a faster decline in attainment value and faster increase in perceived costs throughout college. Higher initial levels and a steeper increase in stereotype threat related to lower STEM GPA. Higher initial levels and a slower decline in motivation variables related to higher STEM GPA and more completed STEM courses. These findings provide empirical evidence for the relations between stereotype threat and motivation among underrepresented minority students during a key developmental period.  相似文献   

论大数据时代的威胁情报     

范佳佳 《图书情报工作》2016,60(6):15-20

[目的/意义] 初步论述信息安全界理论前沿,论述威胁情报及其相关热点问题,试图引入新的情报概念,开拓情报研究新的领域。[方法/过程] 通过文献调研、内容分析和归纳演绎,梳理出威胁情报的主要特点、基础性技术、实践现状与趋势、重要意义和未来研究方向。[结果/结论] 威胁情报:①将成为情报研究新的热点;②具有应用范围广泛、紧密跟踪和可用于信息安全管理决策的特征;③对国家信息安全管理和国家情报要素研究均具有重要意义;④与其相关的数据管辖与隐私保护、情报共享等问题将成为未来的研究重点。  相似文献