流域宏观尺度降雨-景观-径流变化的相互作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢高地  甄霖  陈操操  杨丽 《资源科学》2007,29(2):156-163

大流域宏观尺度上长时间序列的降雨变化、景观变化、径流变化及其相互作用是近年来研究全球变化的一个重要问题。本文研究泾河流域降雨-景观-径流变化的相互作用，结果表明：①泾河流域中上游主流域40多年来的降水具有微弱下降趋势，降雨倾向率为-4.9mm/10～-11.3mm/10年；泾河流域马莲河分流域，年降雨量表现为不变或微弱下降；②泾河流域1986年～2000年15年之间，景观结构变化不大，一直以草地景观和耕地景观为主。草地景观和农耕地景观二者始终占流域总面积的85%以上，林地景观始终占流域总面积的10%左右，其他景观类型一直占流域总面积的5%左右。在宏观景观格局的变化中，泾河流域中上游主流域，农耕地景观所占比例有所上升，而泾河流域马莲河分流域农耕地景观所占比例维持稳定；③泾河流域中上游主流域年径流量逐年较大幅度地减少，下降速度达到每10年减少1.78m³/s。在泾河流域马莲河分流域，年径流和径流模数在过去30年中基本维持稳定，整个泾河流域年径流量逐年下降；④相应年份内对应的径流和降雨相关性极为显著（P<0.01）。在泾河主流域中上游地区降水每减少10mm，径流可能相应减少70×10⁸m³，在马莲河分流域地区每减少10mm，径流可能减少110×10⁸m³。在泾河流域，若维持景观结构的稳定，则径流的变化趋势会与降雨的变化趋势保持一致。景观结构的微弱变化会改变径流对降雨响应的变化幅度。在景观组成中，耕地景观比例的增加会显著减少径流。  相似文献   

Emergence of creativity in IS development teams: A socio-technical systems perspective     

《International Journal of Information Management》2024

Despite the crucial role of creativity in the dynamic and intricate practice of Information Systems Development (ISD), our understanding of its emergence in ISD teams is limited. Prior research has focused on isolated interventions into the people, structure, task, and technology components of ISD practices. However, the synergistic interactions between these components are often overlooked, resulting in interventions that may be ineffective or counterproductive. Drawing on Leavitt’s Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory, this paper explores creativity as a synergistic outcome of interactions within and between the people, structure, task, and technology components. Our qualitative study at a multinational banking software provider reveals that creativity emerged from within-component interactions when innovators and facilitators in ISD teams interact empathetically during idea generation and evaluation, visualize ideas using technologies for representation and collaboration, and align their creative styles with the organization's formal and informal structures. Additionally, we found that interactions between the STS components in ISD team practices created stimulating environments for creativity to emerge. Our study advances an STS perspective on the emergence of creativity in ISD teams, emphasizing synergistic interactions between people, structure, task, and technology rather than isolated interventions. Practically, our findings provide insights into how IS professionals can nurture creativity by fostering empathetic leadership, aligning creative styles with organizational structures, and balancing tensions between control and drift.  相似文献