Extending expectancy-value theory predictions of achievement and aspirations in science: Dimensional comparison processes and expectancy-by-value interactions     

《Learning and Instruction》2017

Based on TIMSS data (18,047 Grade 8 students from the four OECD countries that collected data for multiple science domains), this study integrated dimensional comparison theory and expectancy-value theory and tested predictions about how self-concept and value are related to achievement and coursework aspirations across four science domains (physics, chemistry, earth science, and biology). First, strong support for social comparisons suggested that high achievement in a particular domain enhance students' motivation in the same domain, which in turn predicted domain-specific aspirations. Particularly, self-concept significantly interacted with value to predict aspirations. Second, in the processes underlying the formation of self-concept and intrinsic value, students tended to engage in negative dimensional comparisons between contrasting domains (physics vs. biology) but positive dimensional comparisons between assimilating domains (physics vs. chemistry). Similar dimensional comparison processes were evident for the effects of self-concept and intrinsic value on aspirations. The results generalized well across all countries.  相似文献   

Externalizing behavior problems and interest in reading as predictors of later reading skills and educational aspirations     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2017

This study examined the developments in children’s externalizing problems and interest in reading during their first four years of school (Grades 1–4) and investigated whether this development predicted the children’s Grade 6 reading skills and educational aspirations. Data comprised (1) teachers’ ratings of externalizing problems and children’s (N = 642; 43% girls) self-ratings of their interest in reading, collected between Grades 1 and 4, and (2) measures of reading fluency and comprehension, and children’s self-reports of educational aspirations, collected at Grade 6. First, latent growth modeling showed that a higher level of externalizing problems in Grade 1 was associated with a lower concurrent interest in reading. Second, a positive association between the initial level of interest in reading and a linear change in externalizing problems indicated that children with a lower interest in reading in Grade 1 were rated by teachers as exhibiting higher levels of externalizing problems, which nonetheless declined over the course of their first four years of school more than among other children. Third, a higher initial level of externalizing problems with a linear change in these problems across Grades 1–4 was a predictor of lower subsequent educational aspirations and poorer reading comprehension in Grade 6. Analysis of the indirect effects indicated that a higher level of externalizing problems was associated with a lower concurrent interest in reading, which, in turn, was related to poorer future reading fluency and lower educational aspirations. The findings imply that problem behaviors are interlinked with academic skill development and motivation across the first six years of school.  相似文献   

情报科学中的符号语言学     

王知津  黄欣 《情报理论与实践》2003,26(4):294-299

The paper argues that the theory that opens out the nature of subject indexing process is required, if the process consists of a tremor of steps and elements and it is a range of interpretations, too. The paper points out that Peirce' s semiotics is the theory by which we may study and understand the lmture of interpretation in subject indexing pro-cess. In recent years, there is a great interest in semiofcs in library and information science field. The paper discusses some basic issues of semiotics and its use in information science.  相似文献   

Academic attitudes toward new media: An exploratory multidisciplinary study     

Kathleen Menzies  Frances Johnson 《The Information Society》2016,32(1):1-13

This article looks at the attitudes of UK academics toward new media, utilizing organizational and sociocultural understandings of fields of scholarly enquiry. It focuses on four traditionally distinct disciplines—art and design, computer science, health science, and politics and international relations—representative of the range of approaches in higher education. Agreement was found among respondents across disciplinary communities about what new media represent and how they support their work. Analysis of semantic differential charts identified two dimensions underlying attitudes—“flexibility” and “fitness for scholarly purposes.” Rather than being anchored by epistemological divisions, new media are assessed by practical viewpoints relating to the activity types they allow, and by traditional measures of reliability. In response to questions about other characteristics of their disciplines (such as reputation and audience diversity), distinctions are in evidence, although in some cases these are not traditional ones.  相似文献   

Dictionary-based text categorization of chemical web pages     

Chun-Yan Liang  Li GuoZhao-Jie Xia  Feng-Guang NieXiao-Xia Li  Liang SuZhang-Yuan Yang 《Information processing & management》2006

A new dictionary-based text categorization approach is proposed to classify the chemical web pages efficiently. Using a chemistry dictionary, the approach can extract chemistry-related information more exactly from web pages. After automatic segmentation on the documents to find dictionary terms for document expansion, the approach adopts latent semantic indexing (LSI) to produce the final document vectors, and the relevant categories are finally assigned to the test document by using the k-NN text categorization algorithm. The effects of the characteristics of chemistry dictionary and test collection on the categorization efficiency are discussed in this paper, and a new voting method is also introduced to improve the categorization performance further based on the collection characteristics. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has the superior performance to the traditional categorization method and is applicable to the classification of chemical web pages.  相似文献   

试论引文在自动标引中的应用     

曾洪京 《情报杂志》1993,12(4):58-61

评介了60年代以来比较著名的几种引文标引理论,并在此基础上提出了“无标引的引文检索”方法。作者利用该方法的基本原理进行了局部试验,结果显示良好。认为如果将引文标引检索与主题标引检索结合起来,可更好地提高情报检索效率。  相似文献   

浅析维普数据库的特色与利用     

陈湘 《现代情报》2007,27(10):119-120

本文分析了维普数据库在标引、检索与利用上的特点，并提出了相应对策。  相似文献   

基于本体的文本信息检索研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

杨建林 《情报理论与实践》2006,29(5):598-601

本文对如何构建基于本体的文本信息检索系统进行了探讨．并认为，利用反映概念之间关系的领域本体指导主题标引，利用反映实体之间关系的领域本体指导实体关系标引，并以本体的形式表示文档替代物和查询表达式，可以进一步提高文本信息检索系统的性能。  相似文献   

国外个人信息管理中信息检索方法分析     

黄义侠 《现代情报》2007,27(9):61-63

从广义和狭义两方面界定“个人信息管理”这一概念，分析了个人信息管理中信息资源的特征，重点对其中的几种信息检索方法进行归纳、比较、评价。  相似文献   

汉语单音节定语移位的语义制约     

柯航 《中国语文》2011,(5)

本文讨论汉语多项定语的粘合式定中结构中居首的单音节定语遵循韵律规则移位时存在的语义制约,提出语义松紧度接近原则是移位得以进行的前提条件:居首的单音节定语与中心词的语义松紧度同后续定语与中心词的语义松紧度相差越小的越容易移位;反之则越难移位。本文认为,语义松紧度接近原则不仅能说明有些居首单音节定语何以不可移位(如黑皮革沙发、甜红豆粥),还可对居首单音节定语移位的可能位置作出预测。最后本文分析了四川北路和北四川路两类路名的不同语义内涵,说明语义对居首单音节定语移位的重要制约作用。  相似文献