我国布局城市校园足球联赛开展现状及对策研究     

张辉 《辽宁体育科技》2012,34(3):81-83,86

通过联赛评估、竞赛会议以及实地调研等方法,对目前我国布局城市校园足球联赛的开展状况进行客观的评价,并指出其存在的主要问题,以期为我国校园足球联赛的持续、健康、稳定发展提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

大众健美操技术动作发展趋势的研究     

胡青梅 《安徽体育科技》2012,(2):58-60

采用文献资料法、录像观察法、访谈法,根据动作编排的理念和要求,对第2、3套《大众健美操锻炼标准》规定技术动作比较研究,探讨中国大众健美操运动技术动作的发展趋势,结果表明:大众健美操技术动作在不断创新和发展;它的种类和练习形式趋于多样化;编排追求艺术化、大众化;指导大众健身具有科学性、规范性。  相似文献   

基于供求理论反思公共体育场地建设的合理规划与布局     

孔庆波  崔瑞华 《西安体育学院学报》2012,29(1):32-36

政府往往难以获得人们对公共产品的真实需求信息,促使大众对公共体育场地需求的真实性存在质疑。以此为逻辑起点,运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,对使用率作为公共体育场地需求与否的衡量标准进行了论证后,在归纳公共体育场地需求群体差异性特征的基础上,剖析了使用率变化所隐藏的公共体育场地的供求关系。研究认为,项目类别、地理位置、交通状况、开放与维修、软件匹配、使用人群等是导致场地供求失衡的重要特征,未来公共体育场地的建设应该以此为依据,遵循发现问题、反馈问题、分析问题、避免问题的实施路径,进行合理地规划与布局。  相似文献   

An emerging paradigm or just another trajectory? Understanding the nature of technological changes using engineering heuristics in the telecommunications switching industry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Arianna Martinelli 《Research Policy》2012,41(2):414-429

The theoretical literature on technological changes distinguishes between paradigmatic changes and changes in trajectories. Recently several scholars have performed empirical studies on the way technological trajectories evolve in specific industries, often by predominantly looking at the artifacts. Much less - if any - empirical work has been done on paradigmatic changes, even though these have a much more profound impact on today's industry. It follows from the theory that such studies would need to focus more on the knowledge level than on the artifact level, raising questions on how to operationalize such phenomena. This study aims to fill this gap by applying network-based methodologies to knowledge networks, represented here by patents and patent citations. The rich technological history of telecommunications switches shows how engineers in the post-war period were confronted with huge challenges to meet drastically changing demands. This historical background is a starting point for an in-depth analysis of patents, in search of information about technological direction, technical bottlenecks, and engineering heuristics. We aim to identify when such changes took place over the seven different generations of technological advances this industry has seen. In this way we can easily recognize genuine paradigmatic changes compared to more regular changes in trajectory.  相似文献   

How do foreign firms patent in emerging economies with weak appropriability regimes? Archetypes and motives     

Marcus Matthias Keupp  Sascha FriesikeMaximilian von Zedtwitz 《Research Policy》2012,41(8):1422-1439

Foreign firms patent in emerging economies with weak appropriability regimes at an increasing rate. This phenomenon constitutes a paradox since in such a setting foreign firms should have weak incentives to patent. In an attempt to resolve this paradox, we conducted an inductive analysis of 11 foreign firms that patent in such a setting, using the case of China as our empirical context. We identify four archetypes of foreign firms and three key antecedents the interaction of which determines which archetype a firm can be subsumed under.Our study complements the developed-economy focus of the extant appropriation literature by adding an international perspective. We extend previous econometric studies by identifying salient factors on the firm level that determine the extent to which a foreign firm patents in emerging economies with a weak appropriability regime, highlighting that the extent of a firm's motivation to maintain its freedom to operate can supersede imitability concerns. We also comment on the practical implications of these contributions for managers of foreign firms. Highlighting a structural conflict of interest between foreign firms from developed economies and the development goals of an emerging economy, we point to the generalizability of our results to a wide range of other emerging economies worldwide.  相似文献   

Behind the recent surge of Chinese patenting: An institutional view   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xibao Li 《Research Policy》2012,41(1):236-249

This paper examines a number of forces that have possibly contributed to the explosive growth of Chinese patenting over the past decade. After a review of previous hypotheses and conventional wisdom, this study proposes an additional explanation and argues that patent subsidy programs implemented by each provincial region have played an important role in the growth of Chinese patenting. This institutional change, taking place at the province-level, has induced an increase in patent propensity among not only firms, universities, and research institutes, but also individuals. Empirical evidence based on publicly available data provides solid support for this argument. It was also found that a larger fraction of applications are granted patent rights since the implementation of such programs, suggesting that reduction in patent application quality may not be a serious concern, unless the criteria used for patent examination have been lowered.  相似文献   

高技术产业技术标准联盟对产业推动作用的实证研究——以Wi-Fi联盟为例     

刘彤  杨冠灿  王世民 《情报杂志》2012,(3):112-117

分析并总结了技术标准联盟对高技术产业发展的促进机理,以Wi-Fi联盟为例,分析了Wi-Fi联盟对技术、产品、市场、产业的推动作用,并使用社会网络分析(Social Network Analysis,SNA)方法分析了联盟内部的合作关系与网络特征,阐述了Wi-Fi联盟如何通过内部分工与合作促进产业链的形成,通过产品认证的方式打造与推行事实标准,以及利用发展新成员、广泛开展与其它标准联盟的合作的方式扩大应用领域和市场空间,最终推动了无线通信产业的迅速发展。在这一分析过程中,总结并提炼的国际技术标准联盟所具有的特性,对于我国的技术标准联盟在合作伙伴选择、产业链构建、联盟标准推广等关键问题上具有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

专利权滥用法律规制模式探讨     

吴广海 《中国科技论坛》2012,(1):114-119

专利权滥用是指专利权人在行使专利权过程中,违背了专利权创制的社会目的或精神,不正当地损害或可能损害他人或社会公共利益的行为。专利权滥用包括超越专利权范围的滥用和在专利权范围内的滥用。美国对专利权滥用采用反垄断法和专利法共同规制的混合规制模式;欧盟对专利权滥用采用竞争法规制模式。我国法律应采用混合规制模式:在专利权的滥用产生非法垄断情形下,适用反垄断法进行规制,而其他滥用情形则应由专利法进行规制。  相似文献   

专利权质押贷款与保险结合的探索     

张甦 《中国科技论坛》2012,(2):123-126,133

专利权质押贷款业务发展至今虽然取得了一些成效,但离真正市场化运行仍有一定差距,究其原因主要是相关风险没有得到有效控制,相关机构参与的积极性不高.如果能够将专利权质押贷款与科技保险业务结合,则能够分散参与各方的风险,促进该业务走上市场化的健康发展道路.  相似文献   

北京市大兴区耕地质量等级监测控制点布设   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

胡晓涛  吴克宁  马建辉  赵华甫  王倩 《资源科学》2012,34(10):1891-1897

本文以北京市大兴区为例,把理论模型构建和实证分析相结合,探讨耕地质量等级监测控制点布设方法。大兴区耕地质量等级监测变异半径为3.72km,布设理论监测样点43个,监测样点的控制范围为1086hm2,但若考虑到土地利用规划、土壤类型（亚类）、自然等各等别面积比例、利用等各等别面积比例、土地整理项目区、样点覆盖全面性等因素,监测样点合理布设数应为46个才能满足研究区耕地质量等级监测工作精度要求。研究表明,变异函数理论模型在研究耕地质量等级监测样点布设过程中具有较为理想的应用价值,可以提高监测样点的代表性和耕地质量监测信息的完整性。  相似文献