Examining the “Blanket of Protection” Conferred by Inoculation: The Effects of Inoculation Messages on the Cross-protection of Related Attitudes     

Kimberly A. Parker  Stephen A. Rains  Bobi Ivanov 《Communication monographs》2016,83(1):49-68

Although the effectiveness of inoculation as a strategy for promoting resistance to attitude change is fairly well established, the potential of inoculation messages to offer cross-protection for related, but untreated, attitudes warrants additional attention from scholars. The reported study tested the “blanket of protection” conferred by inoculation. Participants (N = 118) were randomly assigned to read an inoculation message addressing a target topic and subsequently had their attitudes toward three related, but untreated, topics attacked. The results offer some evidence that inoculation messages can confer cross-protection for related attitudes. Participants in the inoculation condition reported greater perceptions of threat, greater counterarguing, and less attitude change in response to attacks than participants in the control condition for two of the three untreated topics. Counterarguing in response to attacks on untreated attitudes appears to be primarily responsible for cross-protection.  相似文献   

Reexamining Fear Appeal Models from Cognitive Appraisal Theory and Functional Emotion Theory Perspectives     

Jiyeon So  Kai Kuang  Hyunyi Cho 《Communication monographs》2016,83(1):120-144

Recognizing inconsistencies between the extant fear appeal theories and emotion literature, this research integrated cognitive appraisal theory and functional emotion theory into a fear appeal literature and proposed a model that describes a process through which both fear and anxiety can contribute to adaptive responses. Findings from an experiment (N = 927) supported the predictions. Fear and anxiety emerged as distinct constructs. Perceived susceptibility was a stronger predictor of anxiety than fear, while perceived severity was a stronger predictor of fear than anxiety. In addition, greater fear and anxiety led to greater response efficacy through increased motivation to obtain protection-related information and heightened attention to such information, thus mediating the threat and coping appraisal processes. The SEM model testing the predictions showed that perceived susceptibility had the strongest total effects on protection intention, followed by anxiety, perceived severity, and fear.  相似文献   

图式理论与高职高专英语教学     

陈彦梅 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2006,(4):145-147

认知语言学研究是一门语言学新兴学科,借助认知理论,尤其是图示理论深化外语教学取得了显著的成果.不可否认,图示理论在英语阅读理解中有积极作用,但也存在着局限性.我们应该借鉴图式理论推动新形势下高职高专的英语教学改革.  相似文献   

The different faces of controlling teaching: implications of a distinction between externally and internally controlling teaching for students’ motivation in physical education     

Jotie De Meyer  Bart Soenens  Nathalie Aelterman  Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij  Leen Haerens 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2016,21(6):632-652

Background: In Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a well-validated macro-theory on human motivation, a distinction is made between internally controlling teaching practices (e.g. guilt-induction and shaming) and externally controlling practices (e.g. threats and punishments, commands). While both practices are said to undermine students’ motivation, they would do so through somewhat differential motivational processes. Unfortunately, the relevance of the conceptual distinction between internally and externally controlling strategies has not been examined systematically. In the context of sport and physical education (PE), most studies on controlling teaching have either measured controlling teaching in an undifferentiated way or have focused on one particular feature of controlling teaching.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a more fine-grained picture on the differential de-motivational effects of internally and externally controlling teaching strategies in the domain of PE.

Participants: A total of 925 students with an average age of 15.80 years (±1.99) coming out of 92 classes taught by 22 different PE teachers participated in the present study.

Data analysis: Data on perceived controlling teaching style and students’ motivation were analyzed within a multilevel framework from both a variable-centered (regression analyses) and person-centered approach (cluster analyses).

Results: We found evidence for a distinction between perceived internally and externally controlling teaching. Both teaching styles were strongly related to each other (r?=?.54). At the level of zero-order correlations, both internally and externally controlling teaching related negatively to students’ intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and related positively to introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. However, when both teaching styles were included simultaneously as predictors of motivation in the regression analyses, only internally controlling teaching predicted poor quality and low quantity of motivation. A cluster analysis revealed different profiles of perceived controlling teaching style, with two profiles being characterized by either high or low levels of the two types of controlling teaching and other profiles displaying elevated or reduced levels of one of the types of controlling teaching. This person-centered analysis confirmed that particularly students who perceive their PE teacher as internally controlling are likely to report poor-quality motivation.

Conclusion: Controlling teaching (and internally controlling teaching in particular) is related to maladaptive motivational outcomes. As such, it can be advised to PE-practitioners to refrain from using controlling strategies when teaching students. More research is needed to identify the conditions under which teachers’ behavior is perceived as externally and/or internally controlling.  相似文献   

Evaluating the appropriateness of electronic information resources for learning     

Dinara Saparova  Nathanial S. Nolan 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2016,104(1):24-32

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Comparison of three web-scale discovery services for health sciences research     

Rosie Hanneke  Kelly K. O'Brien 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2016,104(2):109-117

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of three web-scale discovery (WSD) tools in answering health sciences search queries.

Methods

Simple keyword searches, based on topics from six health sciences disciplines, were run at multiple real-world implementations of EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS), Ex Libris''s Primo, and ProQuest''s Summon. Each WSD tool was evaluated in its ability to retrieve relevant results and in its coverage of MEDLINE content.

Results

All WSD tools returned between 50%–60% relevant results. Primo returned a higher number of duplicate results than the other 2 WSD products. Summon results were more relevant when search terms were automatically mapped to controlled vocabulary. EDS indexed the largest number of MEDLINE citations, followed closely by Summon. Additionally, keyword searches in all 3 WSD tools retrieved relevant material that was not found with precision (Medical Subject Headings) searches in MEDLINE.

Conclusions

None of the 3 WSD products studied was overwhelmingly more effective in returning relevant results. While difficult to place the figure of 50%–60% relevance in context, it implies a strong likelihood that the average user would be able to find satisfactory sources on the first page of search results using a rudimentary keyword search. The discovery of additional relevant material beyond that retrieved from MEDLINE indicates WSD tools'' value as a supplement to traditional resources for health sciences researchers.  相似文献   

关联理论与跨文化交际会话含义的理解     

刘明志 《怀化学院学报》2006,25(3):109-111

Sperber ＆ wilson的关联理论将交际看作一种认知活动,试图从人的认知特点和过程山发,揭示交际规律.关联理论使跨文化交际中的语用会话含意推导摆脱了Grice合作原则的束缚,也从认知的角度探讨了礼貌现象,为跨文化交际中话语的理解提供了新的理论依据,有助于解释跨文化语言交际活动中出现的语用失误与交际失败现象.  相似文献   

语用模糊的认知分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李元胜 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,21(1):44-48

语用模糊就是交际过程中的交际参与者对意义的表述或者解释不确定的种种现象。文章从认知视角,用关联理论(Relevance Theory)和空间复合理论(Space Blending Theory)对语用模糊现象进行分析探讨,以解释言语交际中出现的语用模糊的认知心理过程。  相似文献   

论荀子礼法秩序建构思想及其现代意义     

孙祥生 《喀什师范学院学报》2006,27(2):39-41,53

荀子是中国先秦时期一位卓越的思想家,他率先提出了礼法思想,为中国几千年的封建制度提供了理论指导和基本模式。从秩序建构的角度来看,荀子的礼法思想包括三个方面,即“中央集权”的政体模式、“德主刑辅”的法制模式、“混合型”的礼法运行模式,从而形成了一个完整的社会秩序建构理论体系。荀子的礼法秩序建构思想对于当前我国秩序构建具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

刍议"以德治国"     

常磊 《青海师专学报》2002,22(1):92-95

江泽民同志提出的“以德治国”思想是指把道德作为管理国家、调控社会的手段,来指导国家各项方针、政策的创制、实施和执行。它的提出,是对历史上“德治”思想的总结与提升,并有其丰富的理论和现实基础;民主的道德性理论、政治社会化理论、治国方略理论和德法辩证关系等。当然,在实施“以德治国”的过程中,我们还必须处理好以下几个方面的问题;坚持邓小平理论的指导、营造舆论文化环境、加强道德教育和加强党的领导等。  相似文献