流动人口的社会保障陷阱和社会保障的流动陷阱     

黄匡时  嘎日达 《黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报》2011,(6):1-8

《城镇企业职工基本养老保险关系转移接续暂行办法》并没有摆脱社会保障的制度陷阱、不公平陷阱和低水平陷阱,反而又延伸出了社会保障的流动陷阱和踢皮球陷阱。这些陷阱形成的主要原因不是人口和社会保障的流动造成的,而是社会保障的模式、现行财政制度和相关政策体系以及区域经济社会发展不均衡联合导致的。要摆脱这些陷阱,实现人口和社会保障的自由流动,我们需要以建立健全全国社会保障模式弹性统一为主线,以加强社会保障网络信息化建设为基础,以提高社会保障统筹层次为重点,以衔接城乡二元社会保障制度为突破口,以建立健全社会保障均等化服务转移支付政策体系为支撑,最终实现"全民覆盖、弹性统一、服务均衡、流转自由、可持续发展"的社会保障制度。  相似文献   

Balancing act: Government roles in an energy conservation network     

Andrew Peterman  Arno Kourula  Raymond Levitt 《Research Policy》2014

Government-led interorganizational alliance networks present a sensible opportunity to overcome many societal challenges through collaborative governance. In particular, few researchers have studied alliance networks in the field of energy conservation in commercial buildings—a sector with unique barriers to greater diffusion of innovative cost-saving strategies. We applied an analytic inductive case-based method and social network analysis to study one particular alliance network: the United States Commercial Building Energy Alliances representing interests from retail, commercial real estate, and healthcare sectors. This alliance network was initiated by the United States Department of Energy, with assistance from several federally funded research laboratories in the United States, to promote the diffusion of knowledge and ultimately encourage greater deployment of energy efficiency and clean energy strategies in commercial buildings. We draw upon interview data from 28 cases of private, non-profit, and governmental organizations and complete network data from the alliance participants. We honed in on eight focal cases of governmental organizations to provide insight on how the four forms of energy and environmental data, information, and knowledge shared within an alliance network address the challenge of a vastly underutilized energy resource, namely conservation. Further, we identify and discuss the public's four roles—Commissioner, Interpreter, Marketer, and User—in providing balance to the diffusion of both private and public goods in a network.  相似文献   

In search of systemic innovation for sustainable development: A design praxis emerging from a decade of social learning inquiry     

John Colvin  Chris Blackmore  Sam Chimbuya  Kevin Collins  Mark Dent  John Goss  Ray Ison  Pier Paolo Roggero  Giovanna Seddaiu 《Research Policy》2014

Processes of designing for systemic innovation for sustainable development (SD) through the lens of three long-term case studies are reported. All case studies, which originated from the SLIM (Social Learning for the Integrated Management and Sustainable Use of Water at Catchment Scale) Project, funded within the EU Fifth Framework Program (2001–2004), constitute inquiry pathways that are explored using a critical incident approach. The initial starting conditions for each inquiry pathway are compared; significant pathway dependencies are identified which foster the development of social learning processes locally, but constrain their uptake and embedding across the wider system of interest. In the first case study, in England & Wales, promising developments in the application of social learning approaches to river basin planning over an initial 3-year period were subsequently marginalised, only to resurface towards the end of the 10-year period of study. In the second, South African case study, significant spaces for social learning and innovation in integrated water resources management were opened up over a five year period but closed down again, primarily as the result of lack of policy support by national government. The third, Italian, case study was designed to assess options for adapting to climate change by opening up new learning spaces between researchers, stakeholders and policy makers. A case for investing in local level systemic innovation through social-learning praxis design approaches and in learning processes around well contextualised case-studies is supported. However, concomitant investment by policy makers in social learning as an alternative, but complementary, governance mechanism for systemic innovation for SD is needed.  相似文献   

Open to suggestions: How organizations elicit suggestions through proactive and reactive attention     

Linus Dahlander  Henning Piezunka 《Research Policy》2014

This paper analyzes organizations’ attempts to entice external contributors to submit suggestions for future organizational action. While earlier work has elaborated on the advantages of leveraging the knowledge of external contributors, our findings show that organizational attempts to attract such involvement are likely to wither and die. We develop arguments about what increases the likelihood of getting suggestions from externals in the future, namely through (1) proactive attention (submitting internally developed suggestions to externals to stimulate debate) and (2) reactive attention (paying attention to suggestions from externals to signal they are being listened to), particularly when those suggestions are submitted by newcomers. Findings from an analysis of about 24,000 initiatives by organizations to involve external contributors suggest these actions are crucial for receiving suggestions from external contributors. Our results are contingent upon the stage of the initiative because organizations’ actions exert more influence in initiatives that lack a history of prior suggestions. Our work has implications for scholars of open innovation because it highlights the importance of considering failures as well successes: focusing exclusively on initiatives that reach a certain stage can lead to partial or erroneous conclusions about why some organizations engage external contributors while others fail.  相似文献   

Adaptive output feedback neural network control of uncertain non-affine systems with unknown control direction     

Mohammad M. Arefi  Jafar Zarei  Hamid R. Karimi 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

This paper deals with the problem of adaptive output feedback neural network controller design for a SISO non-affine nonlinear system. Since in practice all system states are not available in output measurement, an observer is designed to estimate these states. In comparison with the existing approaches, the current method does not require any information about the sign of control gain. In order to handle the unknown sign of the control direction, the Nussbaum-type function is utilized. In order to approximate the unknown nonlinear function, neural network is firstly exploited, and then to compensate the approximation error and external disturbance a robustifying term is employed. The proposed controller is designed based on strict-positive-real (SPR) Lyapunov stability theory to ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, two simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed scheme.  相似文献   

以知识共享为导向的电动汽车创新网络研究     

雷星晖  王泽民  李雪兵  苏涛永 《科技管理研究》2014,(23)

近年来,全球汽车市场的发展总体呈现出有起有伏、强弱转换的格局。作为汽车产业的一个发展方向,电动汽车的发展则是迎来了前所未有的新契机。总体来说,电动汽车的发展在逐步向原有的发展预期靠拢,特别是在一些关键技术上已经有所突破,不可否认发展电动汽车是全球汽车业未来发展的一个支点。在电动汽车创新网络组织方面已有多家企业表现出良好的发展态势,并且已经取得了一定的进展。在这强者鼎立的格局中,美国电动汽车企业特斯拉携电动汽车Model S走入大众的视野并且成功杀出重围。从知识共享导向的角度分析创新网络构成和各主体特征,基于电动汽车创新网络的特点和电动汽车产业内知识共享的特性分析研究,对电动汽车创新网络组织的演化发展以及网络组织内各要素特点的研究结论将为合作创新和网络结构理论的发展提供新视角。  相似文献   

基于社会网络视角的产业结构总体特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

王铜安 《科研管理》2014,35(7):124-129

针对当前产业结构研究的局限和不足,本文率先在该研究领域引入了社会网络的研究方法。通过社会网络与投入产出表的有机结合,提出了一种全新的、基于"关系"和"结构"视角的产业结构研究方法。利用我国2002年的投入产出数据和本文提出的研究方法,对我国产业结构的总体特征进行了实证研究。利用块模型分析方法,阐明了我国产业八大区块的范围和边界;刻画了我国产业总体结构的"中心化趋势",并对位于中心的产业进行了说明;提出了"最佳替代产业"和"自反性"产业区块的概念和实例,并分析了其在国家产业结构调整和优化过程中如何发挥各自的优势和作用。  相似文献   

引入“在线社会网络”的三重螺旋创新系统模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

冯楚建  蒋艳辉 《科研管理》2014,35(11):84-91

由Etzkowitz和laydesdorff提出的三重螺旋创新系统模型作为国家创新系统的重要基础理论,由于缺少对社会创新的重要角色——"用户"的关注而迫切需要改进。本文以"在线社会网络"这一"用户"聚集的平台为基础,以嵌入式方法在三重螺旋模型中引入"在线社会网络"要素,阐述了引入"在线社会网络"的三重螺旋模型的运行过程与机制,并提出了引入"在线社会网络"的三重螺旋创新计量算法,实现了创新理论中"用户"角色的明确界定与计量。  相似文献   

集群企业网络特征与创业行为:基于创业能力的实证研究          下载免费PDF全文

叶峥  郑健壮 《科研管理》2014,35(1):58-65

集群企业创业已成为当前产业集群转型升级的重要路径,受所在集群企业网络的影响,集群企业创业行为决策存在巨大差异。本文首先构建了以创业能力为中介作用的集群企业网络特征对其创业行为影响的理论模型,通过132份浙江产业集群企业的问卷,使用结构方程模型方法验证了理论假设。实证结果表明:集群企业的创业认知能力、机会获取能力和资源整合能力对其创业行为均存在正向影响;集群企业的关系内容、网络规模和中介中心性特征对其创业认知能力、机会获取能力和资源整合能力均存在正向影响,而关系强度和网络密度对其创业认知能力、资源整合能力存在正向影响,却对其机会获取能力存在负向影响。  相似文献   

网络嵌入对技术创新绩效的影响:学习能力的视角          下载免费PDF全文

谢洪明  张颖  程聪  陈盈 《科研管理》2014,35(12):1-8

不同网络嵌入方式对企业创新绩效的影响是存在显著差异的。构建了网络嵌入、学习能力和技术创新绩效之间的理论模型,通过运用结构方程模型对广东省高新技术与民营科技型企业为样本的问卷调查数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明:(1)网络结构嵌入对技术创新绩效没有直接的显著影响,也无法通过学习能力的中介对其产生间接的影响作用;(2)网络关系嵌入对技术创新绩效不仅有直接显著的正向影响,而且还能通过学习能力的部分中介作用对技术创新绩效起到显著的正向影响;(3)在小规模企业中,网络密度对于技术创新绩效的作用并不显著。研究结论进一步深化了技术创新理论,对企业技术创新的提升有一定指导意义。  相似文献