间苯三酚Williamson烷基化反应研究     

孙祥玉  黄玉梅  赵瑶兴  樊平  樊美公 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1998,(2)

考察了间苯三酚在不同介质中的烷基化反应及其不正常反应产物．研究了在非质子极性溶剂中,１８－冠醚－６用作催化剂的Ｗｉｌｉａｍｓｏｎ烷基化反应,成功地合成了间苯三酚的单辛基、二辛基和三辛基醚,并对反应条件和产物组成关系进行了讨论．  相似文献   

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1     

Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.  相似文献   

Internetworking and the Politics of Science: NSFNET in Internet History     

Juan D. Rogers 《The Information Society》1998,14(3):213-228

This article presents an account of the process of development of the NSFNET and its significance for the emergence of the Internet of the 1990s. The fact that the development of the interconnected system of computer networks occurred within the realm of academic research is not incidental. The dynamics of the world of scientific research were intimately related to the shaping of the network and to the way in which it spread to other sectors of society. The construction of computer networks crossed the boundaries between science and society in order to build the scientific realm by transforming the world in which it is embedded.  相似文献   

Places and Spaces: The Historical Interaction of Technology, Home, and Privacy     

Stuart Shapiro 《The Information Society》1998,14(4):275-284

While recent developments in information and communication technologies have produced heightened concern over privacy issues, technology and privacy have a long history of interaction. The home has served as a key locus for this interaction. By distinguishing inside from outside, the home supports the allocation of particular behaviors and information to different areas, both physical and virtual. This article explores how different technologies, including structural elements, have affected and reflected over time the boundary represented by the home and how that boundary has helped shape the construction of privacy in the West. This illustrates how privacy might be conceptualized as a social condition arising from the interaction of various boundaries, including the principal one separating the public and the private.  相似文献   

绿色技术创新研究述评   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

杨发明 《科研管理》1998,19(4):20-26

可持续发展呼唤绿色技术创新。本文从研究与开发的绿色化、创新过程的绿色化、企业经营管理的绿色化以及技术经济范式的绿色化四个方面对绿色技术创新研究进行了综述,以便于在实践中完善对绿色技术创新的管理  相似文献   

技术引进与技术创新的冲突和协同   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

吴广谋 《科研管理》1998,19(4):32-36

本文系统地分析了在市场环境下技术引进与技术创新的冲突,论证了市场对单个企业激励引进,对行业或国家激励创新。由此引发了引进与创新的冲突。在一定条件下,企业放弃创新是行业内竞争的纳什均衡。本文提出创新机制与制度建设的必要性和对策  相似文献   

生态技术创新选择环境的探讨     

吕燕  蔡宁 《科研管理》1998,19(2):38-43

本文指出生态技术创新包括末端技术、工艺导向型技术和产品导向型技术创新,认为营造有利于生态技术发展的技术选择环境是设计组合激励手段,以有效地促进生态技术创新的前提条件。由此,本文运用经济学理论从成本和效益,价值与文化、信息传递机制等角度,阐述了不同类生态技术创新的选择环境。研究表明,生态技术创新的激励不应将整个技术系统视为黑箱,激励机制的设计应当针对不同类型的技术创新而有所侧重  相似文献   

The effects of first language orthographic features on word recognition processing in English as a second language   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Akamatsu  Nobuhiko 《Reading and writing》1999,11(4):381-403

This study investigated the possible effects of first language (L1) orthographic characteristics on word recognition in English as a second language (ESL). Case alternation was used to examine the impact of visually distorted words of different types on fluent ESL readers' word recognition in naming. Visual distortion of word shape (i.e., cAsE aLtErNaTiOn) was utilized because, although visually distorted words have lost word-shape cues, they preserve the cue value of words (i.e., spelling patterns). It, therefore, was hypothesized that if one is sensitive to alphabetic orthography, or if one's inner mechanism of processing an alphabetic word is efficient, then the visual disruption of word-shape cues should not affect one's sensitivity to sequences of letters in words. In other words, this study focused on the magnitude of the effect of case alternation in word recognition as an index of the sensitivity to alphabetic words. Results showed that the magnitude of the case alternation effect in a naming task was significantly larger for the ESL participants whose L1 is not alphabetic (i.e., Chinese and Japanese) than the ESL participants whose L1 is alphabetic (i.e., Iranians -- Persian as L1). This result seems to indicate that the Persian speakers, due to the facilitating influence of their L1 orthography, were less influenced by case alternation than the Chinese and Japanese speakers, whose L1 orthographies are not alphabetic. This finding suggests that the first language orthographic features affect the orthographic coding mechanisms (i.e., word recognition mechanisms) in a second language.  相似文献   

论企业经济责任制中内部转移价格的制定     

张锴 《合肥联合大学学报》1999,(1)

随着国内企业规模与组织形式的不断变化,大型企业由过去的集权管理改为内部分权管理已成必然,同时贯彻落实内部经济责任制也愈显重要,但目前实践中运转这一体制的前提工作,即内部转移价格的制定缺乏科学性与公正性,本文重点论述了这方面的问题。  相似文献   

影响当前中国图书馆事业发展的四个问题   总被引：74，自引：0，他引：74  

谭祥金 《中国图书馆学报》1999,25(3)

建国５０年,特别是改革开放２０年以来,我国图书馆事业得到了巨大的发展,但也存在不少问题。微观上,普遍感到资金不足、设备陈旧、馆舍拥挤、队伍不稳定,也许各馆问题不同,程度有异,但家家都有一本难念的经。宏观上,也存在着体制、法治、规划等问题。我认为,技术...  相似文献