排序方式： 共有150条查询结果，搜索用时 337 毫秒
61.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(5):103452
Word embeddings, which represent words as numerical vectors in a high-dimensional space, are contextualized by generating a unique vector representation for each sense of a word based on the surrounding words and sentence structure. They are typically generated using such deep learning models as BERT and trained on large amounts of text data and using self-supervised learning techniques. Resulting embeddings are highly effective at capturing the nuances of language, and have been shown to significantly improve the performance of numerous NLP tasks. Word embeddings represent textual records of human thinking, with all the mental relations that we utilize to produce the succession of sentences that make up texts and discourses. Consequently, the distributed representation of words within embeddings ought to capture the reasoning relations that hold texts together. This paper makes its contribution to the field by proposing a benchmark for the assessment of contextualized word embeddings that probes into their capability for true contextualization by inspecting how well they capture resemblance, contrariety, comparability, identity, relations in time and space, causation, analogy, and sense disambiguation. The proposed metrics adopt a triangulation approach, so they use (1) Hume’s reasoning relations, (2) standard analogy, and (3) sense disambiguation. The benchmark has been evaluated against 22 Arabic contextualized embeddings and has proven to be capable of quantifying their differential performance in terms of these reasoning relations. Results of evaluation of the target embeddings revealed that they do take context into account and that they do reasonably well in sense disambiguation but have weakness in their identification of converseness, synonymy, complementarity, and analogy. Results also show that size of an embedding has diminishing returns because the highly frequent language patterns swamp low frequency patterns. Furthermore, the suggest that future research endeavors should not be concerned with the quantity of data as much as its quality, and that it should focus more on the representativeness of data, and on model architecture, design, and training. 相似文献
62.
自下而上、自愿行动的一事一议机制是当前我国农村社区公共品供给的基本机制,该机制下社区公共项目建设需要村民进行集体选择,并由村干部负责项目建设工作.一事一议早期项目建设基本依赖"民办",村民集体行动陷入困境;2008年后财政奖补政策的实施使农村社区公共品供给进入了"民办公助"新时期,有效调动了村民通过集体行动建设公共品的积极性,但是财政奖补没有直接对村干部的相关行为进行激励.基于福建省的调研分析表明,村干部的工作积极性之所以被调动,是由于政府与村民联合起来向村干部施加同向而有效的影响,其中乡镇通过村干部绩效考核、村民通过村民代表会议对村干部行为施加影响,同时村民直选导致村主任的工作积极性更高.应进一步完善村干部绩效考核机制和村民民主机制,继续提高财政奖补额度,并给予人口规模小的村庄更多支持,以促进农村社区公共品的有效供给. 相似文献
63.
摘要：目的：分析外部信息反馈对跳板跳水技术训练过程中起跳高度的训练效率的影响,旨在为提高青少年跳水运动员的技术学习效率提供快捷有效的训练手段。方法：20名（男女各10名）省队乙级跳水运动员志愿参加实验,实验组和对照组各10名,实验组在每个训练动作完成后使用跳板跳水辅助训练平台向其反馈起跳高度值,而对照组没有起跳高度值的反馈,其他与训练相关的安排两组完全相同,完成12周的训练干预。研究结果表明：1）外部信息反馈对跳板跳水起跳高度的技术训练有促进作用,能够提高跳板运动员的训练效率。外部信息反馈对运动员学习新动作的效率有较大促进作用;而对于旧动作的学习,外部信息反馈的促进作用虽然没有新动作明显,但仍然比不使用外部信息反馈的运动员训练效率高。2）从起跳模型的分析发现,提高运动员技术的稳定性是外部信息反馈提高训练效率的手段之一。3）压板深度与起跳高度之间的关系并不十分密切,较大的压板深度,仍然不能保证他能够获得较高的起跳高度。 相似文献
64.
The aim of this research is to describe and investigate a sample of school gifted students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, and the role of their parents in fostering motivational achievements in Jordan. In the study, 122 gifted students were selected to complete a questionnaire (adapted from Pelletier, Fortier and Vallerand et al.) investigating the mentioned constructs. Results showed that students were highly intrinsically and extrinsically motivated. The results also showed significant correlation between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and perceived competence and parental support scales except for parental control. Other interesting findings were also found regarding the aforementioned constructs. The results further reveal some significant differences in control, achievement goal, amotivation and competence support between genders and education of parents. The possible implications of and recommendations from these findings will be discussed. 相似文献
65.
郭睿君 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2020,(3):74-82
对“中人”致酬事作为拥有数千年历史的习俗,广泛而普遍存在。通过对明代徽州契约文书的整理和分析得出:明代徽州“中人”的中资占比多在2%左右,大都不超过5%,中资占交易总额比值浮动较大,中资的支付带有一定的主观性。自明至清,给付“中人”的报酬类型逐渐从实物、钱物混杂变为几乎全部以银钱方式酬谢,“中人”报酬占交易总额的比值逐渐形成一种定例,中资平均水平呈现一种上升的趋势,清代总体高于明代,清中后期高于清早期。 相似文献
66.
田光 《河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,25(2):52-54
交易就是签订契约，而契约往往是不完备的。如何使不完备的契约得以履行呢？外在安全因素与内在安全因素是其保证。在前者一定的情况下，交易主体尤其应当注重后者的作用。 相似文献
67.
68.
Niki Phillips 《High Ability Studies》2006,17(1):57-73
This study investigated the factors which had influenced the role of motivation in the high levels of achievement of a sample of fifteen gifted students, aged 14/15 years, in five secondary schools in England. The students were interviewed individually, and their parents and teachers were also interviewed for validation of the students' comments. The results indicated the influences of teaching and learning provision, of support and of social and emotional factors on the students' motivation. The role of motivation in the realisation of the students' high ability, in achievement of personal goals and in maintaining the progress and achievements of those who had problems was also clear. Evidence of the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the students' achievement was also shown. 相似文献
69.
学习焦虑对学生的学习效果、学业水平发挥、考试成绩及综合素质培养均有重要影响,它是造成中学生心理问题的主要原因。过度的内源性学习焦虑及附着于学习活动的外源性焦虑,不仅会导致学生产生多种焦虑倾向,甚至会导致心理异常或心理障碍。但适度的、来自学习活动本身的内源性学习焦虑不仅是学生学习活动正常进行所必需的,而且能使学生处于最佳的学习状态,取得最优的学习效果和最好的学业成绩。 相似文献
70.
我国《海商法》中现行环境救助报酬制度依附于财产救助,未能实现生态文明时代"环境优先"的理念,难于有效指引环境救助实践;同时,现行环境救助报酬制度也打乱了传统财产救助报酬制度完整的规则架构。为使我国海难救助法能有效指引救助实践尤其是环境救助,需要创设独立环境救助报酬制度,将环境损害责任纳入救助标的范畴,并健全环境救助报酬核算规则。 相似文献