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排序方式: 共有212条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
71.
《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2013,6(4):453-474
AbstractIn recent years, the largely punitive accountability measures imposed by the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act have given way to an emphasis on financial incentives. Although most policy interventions have focused primarily on linking teacher compensation to student test scores, several recent studies have examined the prospects for the use of financial incentives for students to improve student outcomes. This study builds on the existing literature by comparing student responses to monetary and nonmonetary (certificates of recognition) incentives to increase participation in federally funded supplemental educational services (SEdS). Approximately 300 eligible middle grade students who had signed up for SEdS were randomly selected and then assigned to either a control condition that received no incentive, a monetary reward group that could earn up to $100 for regular attendance, or a nonmonetary group that could receive a certificate of recognition signed by the district superintendent. Although the benefits of the monetary incentives were negligible, the students in the certificate group attended 42.5% more of their allotted tutoring hours than those assigned to control. The effect of the certificate was particularly strong for female students, who attended 26% more of their allocated tutoring hours compared to males who were also offered certificates. These results suggest the need for further research into the role of nonmonetary incentives in motivating student behaviors. Also, the findings could be useful to policymakers at the state or district level seeking cost-effective mechanisms to increase uptake of underutilized student supports. 相似文献
72.
循环经济法的基本原则是在循环经济促进法的立法和具体适用中所应遵循的准则。循环经济促进法的基本原则应包括:环境友好原则;新3R原则,包括减量化原则、再利用原则及再循环原则;共同责任原则,包括政府主导责任原则、生产者责任延伸及公众参与原则;经济激励原则。 相似文献
73.
科技报告是科研过程和结果等的记录,是国家的战略资源。总结国内外科技报告建设现状,概述管理激励
理论,得出其对科技报告撰写和呈交的激励机制的启示。最后,对科技报告撰写和呈交的激励措施进行了探讨,即提
升科技报告的地位;提供科技报告撰写和管理专项经费;利用正性攀比心理,对优秀科技报告撰写者进行表扬;科学
研究鼓励引用科技报告;将撰写和呈交合格的科技报告作为再次申请项目的依据。 相似文献
74.
《Journal of School Choice》2013,7(2):1-31
ABSTRACT Reforms using market-style mechanisms of parental choice and competition between schools are intended to leverage change by compelling schools to diversify options and increase effectiveness. Yet, some research challenges those assumptions, suggesting that schools in competitive climates are more likely to focus on image management to attract a more desirable student intake than to engage in substantive innovations to improve student outcomes. This analysis examines school responses to competition in two local education markets representing a mix of public (including charter) and private school types. School promotional signals to consumers are studied in order to understand school perceptions and responses to underlying competitive incentive structures-incentives that reformers intended to encourage programmatic improvement and diversification of options along a horizontal axis of diverse consumer preferences. A review of marketing materials demonstrates that many schools are instead adopting marketing strategies designed to attract “better” students-often from schools considered to be successful, rather than from the failing schools reformers had targeted. These patterns of vertical differentiation suggest that schools may be acting in ways that reflect contradictory incentives shaping how schools engage the marketplace. 相似文献
75.
“哑巴英语”的成因及对策研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章从对大学英语口语教学过高的期望值与其“先天不良、后天不足”的现状这对矛盾体入手,提出应该客观、理性地看待“哑巴英语”现象。造成“哑巴英语”现象的原因有三点,即学生的学习动机和态度、语言环境的缺失以及缺乏英语口语的考核机制,文章提出了相应的解决对策。 相似文献
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We elaborate a model of the incentives of scientists to perform activities of control and criticism when these activities, just like the production of novel findings, are costly, and we study the strategic interaction between these incentives. We then use the model to assess policies meant to enhance the reliability of scientific knowledge. We show that a certain fraction of low-quality science characterizes all the equilibria in the basic model. In fact, the absence of detected low-quality research can be interpreted as the lack of verification activities and thus as a potential limitation to the reliability of a field. Incentivizing incremental research and verification activities improves the expected quality of research; this effect, however, is contrasted by the incentives to free ride on performing verification if many scientists are involved, and may discourage scientists to undertake new research in the first place. Finally, softening incentives to publish does not enhance quality, although it increases the fraction of detected low-quality papers. We also advance empirical predictions and discuss the insights for firms and investors as they “scout” the scientific landscape. 相似文献
79.
研发型团队组织创造力的成长是国家创新战略的核心内容之一。长期以来,我国研发型团队的激励过分注重需求激励、目标激励、期望激励和公平激励等内部性激励,忽视了强化激励的作用。隐性知识是研发型团队的主体性知识资本,知识转化是研发型团队的主导性知识行为。基于长三角高新技术企业研发型团队的样本数据,借助于结构方程模型,强化激励、隐性知识转化和组织创造力的相关性研究可以揭示强化激励在组织创造力培育目标上的微观促进机理,发现对隐性知识转化的优势促进路径和不足之处,从而为强化激励的深化和拓展提供现实性的理论借鉴。研究表明:正强化激励对知识社会化、外显化、内隐化存在促进作用,负强化激励仅对知识外显化存在促进作用,知识社会化、外显化和内隐化对组织创造力的成长存在促进作用。 相似文献
80.
陈铭 《安顺师范高等专科学校学报》2009,11(4):54-56
家庭教育中实施激励教育以了解和满足人的合理需要为起点,充分调动孩子的积极性。激励教育在家庭教育中被广泛应用,但存在不足:激励教育的方法不够科学;激励教育的目标设置不符合实际;激励教育的语言使用不当。因此,实施激励教育时应做到:激励教育方法要适应客体需要,设置合理的激励教育目标,使用和谐的激励教育语言,要注意自身素质的提高。 相似文献