A comparison between girls' and boys' experiences of unwanted sexual behaviour in secondary schools     

Greetje Timmerman 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):291-306

Background

This study examines gender differences (and similarities) in the context, meaning and effects of unwanted sexual behaviour in secondary schools.

Purpose

First, the study's purpose is exploration of variables that discriminate between girls' and boys' experiences of unwanted sexual behaviour. Secondly, the aim is to find empirical grounding for diversity in schools' interventions and policies.

Sample

Respondents were 2808 adolescents (14 or 15 years of age) in secondary schools, randomly selected in two regions in The Netherlands. Of the 22 schools that participated in the project, 30% were Catholic, 25% Protestant, 11% interdenominational (several religions within one school) and 38% of the schools were public schools. School size varied. The majority of the students' parents were born in The Netherlands (86%), 14% were born in Morocco, Turkey and Surinam.

Design and methods

Survey questionnaires were to be completed during class time. Non-response rate: 2%. Analysis: discriminant function analysis.

Results

Girls more often experienced unwanted sexual behaviour by school personnel than boys. Their experiences were more often non-verbal in nature, physical or a combination of different sorts of behaviour. Girls experienced unwanted sexual behaviour as more upsetting than boys and they also experienced more psychosomatic health problems. The typical form of boys' experiences of unwanted sexual behaviour was verbal harassment by peers. The behaviour was less upsetting to boys and they experienced less psychosomatic health problems than girls.

Conclusions

This study was the first attempt to find out whether girls' and boys' scores on several variables form a different type of unwanted sexual behaviour. Two different types of unwanted sexual behaviour were found. Although the context (locations and the presence of others) was more or less the same for both sexes, the meaning and the effects of unwanted sexual behaviour were clearly different for girls and boys.  相似文献   

The Influence of Ambivalence on Adolescents' Reactions to Anti-Drug Messages     

Xiaoquan Zhao  Joseph N. Cappella 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(2):131-148

Ambivalence characterizes many adolescents' attitudes toward marijuana use. This study investigated the effects of ambivalence on adolescents' reactions to anti-drug messages. Two hypotheses suggested by past research were tested, one concerning the general vulnerability of ambivalent attitudes to persuasion, the other concerning the effect of ambivalence on message elaboration. Three hundred and eighty-six (386) adolescents ages 12 to 18 were exposed to anti-drug messages. Their marijuana use intentions and other related cognitions, as well as their responses to the messages, were assessed afterwards. Results provided relatively consistent support for the general vulnerability hypothesis—that high ambivalence participants reported greater agreement with the anti-drug messages and more anti-drug intentions and attitudes. No effect of ambivalence on message elaboration was detected. The implications of the findings for anti-drug communication campaigns are discussed.  相似文献   

Social Physique Anxiety and Intention to Be Physically Active: A Self-Determination Theory Approach     

Álvaro Sicilia  Piedad Sáenz-Alvarez  David González-Cutre  Roberto Ferriz 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):354-364

Purpose: Based on self-determination theory, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between social physique anxiety and intention to be physically active, while taking into account the mediating effects of the basic psychological needs and behavioral regulations in exercise. Method: Having obtained parents' prior consent, 390 students in secondary school (218 boys, 172 girls; M_age = 15.10 years, SD = 1.94 years) completed a self-administered questionnaire during physical education class that assessed the target variables. Preliminary analyses included means, standard deviations, and bivariate correlations among the target variables. Next, a path analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood estimation method with the bootstrapping procedure in the statistical package AMOS 19. Results: Analysis revealed that social physique anxiety negatively predicted intention to be physically active through mediation of the basic psychological needs and the 3 autonomous forms of motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, and identified regulation). Conclusion: The results suggest that social physique anxiety is an internal source of controlling influence that hinders basic psychological need satisfaction and autonomous motivation in exercise, and interventions aimed at reducing social physique anxiety could promote future exercise.  相似文献   

Keep It Simple: A Lesson in Linking Teens to Health Care     

Alexandra Eisler  Lia Avellino  Deborah Chilcoat  Karen Schlanger 《American journal of sexuality education》2016,11(4):331-344

The Keep It Simple package, which includes a short animated film (available online for streaming or download), a lesson plan, and supporting materials, was designed to be used with adolescents ages 15–19 to empower them to seek sexual and reproductive health care, and emphasize the availability of long-acting reversible contraception (LARCs). The materials in the package can be used together to deliver a 45 minute educational session that provides information to teens about the sexual health services available to them at local health centers, their rights to obtain those services, and how they can link to high quality and adolescent friendly sexual health care. The animation can also be used as a standalone product. All components of the Keep It Simple package are available for free and are also offered in Spanish as No te compliques.  相似文献   

“I Am Not a Francophone”: Identity Choices and Discourses of Youth Associating With a Powerful Minority     

Cynthia Groff  Annie Pilote  Karine Vieux-Fort 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2016,15(2):83-99

Taking a broad interest in the linguistic, educational, and identity issues relevant to young people, this article examines the experiences and discourses of linguistic minority youth in the French-dominant context of Québec City. Our analysis is based on qualitative interviews conducted with 10 young people who speak a language other than French at home and who chose to study in English at the postsecondary level. Beyond exploring the local impact of language policies, we focus on the identity choices these youth make in positioning themselves and the discourses that they appropriate in describing their sociolinguistic context. Findings suggest that tensions between linguistic groups in Québec are perpetuated through discourses that distance one group from another, including discourses of closed-mindedness and superiority. What the students in our study appear to be doing is rejecting a minority identity by invoking national and international scales through their discourses, scales in which English is dominant.  相似文献   

Management of non-consensually shared youth-produced sexual images: A Delphi study with adolescents as experts     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

There is an increased availability of online child abuse images, a proportion of which is created by young people in coercive and non- coercive relationships (sexting).ObjectivesThis Delphi study with adolescents as "experts" who had taken and shared sexual images, was conducted to identify appropriate responses to sexting where images are shared without consent and identify indicators of distress and ways to facilitate disclosure when the sharing of images causes anxiety or is associated with further victimization.Participants and setting124 adolescents from the United Kingdom completed an online survey. All self-identified as taking and sharing sexual images of themselves. 45 provided full survey responses (73% female; mean age 16.24) and of these 23 completed the second round. Recruitment was through social media and local schools.MethodsAn online two-round Delphi method was completed using a vignettes-based questionnaire. To assess consensus, a defined average percentage agreement (80% cut-off) was used. Qualitative content analysis identified relevant themes in responses to Round 1 which informed the Round 2 items.ResultsIn the first round 60 items were identified that endorsed views of problem identification, facilitation of disclosure, proportionate responding, and problem management. Overall, participants agreed that the clear majority of statements identified in Round 2 were important and thus achieved consensus.ConclusionsThis study represents a novel and inclusive approach through the formation of an expert panel of young people. These views may inform appropriate victim-centered management of cases where images have been shared without permission.  相似文献   

Barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

Children and young people often choose not to disclose sexual abuse, thus preventing access to help and allowing perpetrators to continue undetected. A nuanced understanding of the barriers (and facilitators) to disclosure is therefore of great relevance to practitioners and researchers. The literature was systematically searched for studies related to child and adolescent disclosures of sexual abuse. Thirteen studies were reviewed and assessed for methodological quality. Results of the review illustrate the heterogeneous nature of these empirical studies. Findings demonstrate that young people face a number of different barriers such as limited support, perceived negative consequences and feelings of self-blame, shame and guilt, when choosing to disclose. Being asked or prompted, through provision of developmentally appropriate information, about sexual abuse facilitates disclosure. The review highlights the need for robust, longitudinal studies with more sophisticated methodology to replicate findings. The review identifies the need for developmentally appropriate school-based intervention programmes that facilitate children’s disclosure by reducing feelings of responsibility, self-blame, guilt and shame. In addition, prevention programmes should encourage family members, friends and frontline professionals to identify clues of sexual abuse, to explicitly ask children about the possibility of sexual abuse and also to respond supportively should disclosures occur. Facilitating disclosure in this way is key to safeguarding victims and promoting better outcomes for child and adolescent survivors of sexual abuse.  相似文献   

Physical and mental health of children with substantiated sexual abuse: Gender comparisons from a matched-control cohort study     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

When compared to children from the general population, sexually abused children receive more medical services, both for physical and mental health problems. However, possible differences between sexually abused boys and girls remain unknown. The lack of control group in studies that find gender differences also prevents from determining if the differences are specific to sexual abuse or to gender. The objective of the study was to assess differences in physical and mental health between sexually abused boys and girls in comparison to those from the general population. Administrative databases were used to document physical and mental health problems of 222 males and 660 females with a substantiated report of sexual abuse between 2001 and 2010. A comparison group individually matched to those from the sexually abused group on gender, age and geographic area was also used to document gender differences in the general population. Yearly incidence rates of diagnoses resulting from medical consultations and hospitalizations of males and females were compared over five years after a first substantiated sexual abuse report using the mixed general linear model. Sexually abused girls were up to 2.2 times more likely to consult a physician than sexually abused boys for physical health problems. Similar findings are observed in the general population. Conversely, results revealed that sexually abused boys were up to 2.3 times more likely than females to consult a physician for mental health problems. This gender difference was not apparent in the general population group.  相似文献   

Adolescents,Egocentrism, and Mortality     

Jennie L. Hanna 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2017,90(1):30-33

Adolescents are often described as egocentric, but a major source of this external behavior is the internal fear of adolescents have about feeling invisible, being different, and even their own mortality. Facing this fear through a curricular focus on death can help to combat this behavior. This can be accomplished through novel studies of books that include an honest discussion of death as a part of life and writing activities like composing self-obituaries. When used correctly, the subject of death can help students to develop goal-setting habits, better understand themselves and learn how to focus on the life that lies before them.  相似文献   

Language Attitudes and Community Engagement: Diwan–The Breton Immersion High School Through the Eyes of Its Pupils     

Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2016,15(5):280-292

This article is based on long-term participant observation and interviews with pupils and graduates of the Diwan immersion high school in Brittany, France. With reference to the theory of communities of practice, this article shows how the education in the Breton immersion school can influence a knowledge of the minority language and the young peoples’ engagement with the protection of the Breton language. This article presents the social and cultural capital received through the learning of the Breton language; the distinction between Diwan pupils and people from outside the community; and the gradual formation of a collective new Breton-speakers identity. The sociolinguistic prognostic shows that in a few dozen years the only Breton speakers will be Breton learners. The use of Breton depends thus on having knowledge of it and on finding a community in which this language acts as the benchmark for the creation of a Breton identity.  相似文献