Review on the characterisation of ancient stringed musical instruments varnishes and implementation of an analytical strategy     

Jean-Philippe Echard  Bertrand Lavdrine 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2008,9(4):420-429

For the last 60 years, varnishes of ancient musical instruments, particularly stringed instruments of the violin family dating 17th and 18th centuries, have been analysed to establish their chemical composition and multi-layered structure. The objective was to rediscover the technology for making the varnish of esteemed Italian violins and to reconstitute it. This paper reviews the physico-chemical studies published on such varnishes and also focuses on a research project carried out since 2002 at the Musée de la musique in Paris. It aims to apply in a comprehensive way different non-destructive or micro destructive methods (Py-GC/MS, IR microscopy, SEM/EDX, EDXRF, synchrotron radiation-based techniques, …) to the study of a large and representative number of ancient varnished musical instruments from a museum collection.  相似文献   

Training in culture: the case of aikido education and meaning-making outcomes in Japan and the United States     

C. Jeffrey Dykhuizen   《Int J Intercult Relat》2000,24(6)

This study investigated whether a relationship existed between instructional style and points of emphasis in the training context of the martial art aikido and the perceptions which practitioners of aikido generated for aikido-related concepts. The findings were gathered within and compared across aikido training settings in two cultures — Japan and the United States. Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data gathered for this investigation revealed several potent differences between the manner in which Japanese and American aikido practitioners represented their understandings of aikido-related concepts. Differences in the manner in which aikido practitioners in Japan and the United States represented their understandings of aikido reflected the teaching emphasis observed in the respective cultures. It was concluded that aikido instructors represented the values of their own culture in the context of aikido training, and thus served as important mediating forces influencing the meaning which practitioners generated for aikido. An additional finding revealed that in neither culture were participants able to accurately represent how practitioners in the “other” culture structured their understandings of aikido. It was reasoned that both cultural groups generated faulty perceptions of how the “other” group understood aikido because they utilized a similar pattern of projection, using their own meanings of aikido to represent the understandings of practitioners in the “other” cultural group.  相似文献   

拳种与村落:武术人类学研究的实践空间     

王明建 《成都体育学院学报》2016,(1):51-54

我国体育人类学的发端肇始于对传统体育的研究,但不能忽视的是:运用文化人类学理论和方法对中国武术的研究却异常薄弱. 前期相关武术理论的研究和探讨,大都以历史学、民俗学为框架和导向,注重参与观察的人类学理论的介入也仅仅大都停留于对其必要性的理论阐述,武术的文化人类学研究几乎近于一个盲区,少而无力. 论文在梳理我国体育人类学研究进展的基础上,提出了运用文化人类学对我国武术文化进行研究的构想:(1)乡土村落:引入文化人类学的研究范式的独有视窗;(2)武术拳种:与村落武术研究交相辉映的微观个案;(3)固定的村落与流动的拳种:构筑与交织中国武术研究的文化版图.  相似文献   

“过程哲学”：我国传统文化与现代体育教育理念的契合     

石筱溪  吴光远 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(4):85-89

摘要：过去,我国学校体育教育评价方式是“重结果,轻过程”,不符合现代教育理念,也不利于学校体育的可持续发展。本研究以高校体育教学评价方式的改革为出发点,力图从我国传统文化和现代体育思想“过程哲学”中寻找理论依据。运用文献资料法,从过程哲学的视角,对我国传统文化与现代体育教育理念的契合进行研究。经过查阅文献发现：早在2000多年前,我国的先哲们就完整地提出了“过程哲学”,并运用到了体育领域,现代体育教育的理念也特别强调体育教育是一个“过程历练”。传统与现代契合的“过程哲学”,为我们转变学校体育的教育理念、评价方式和追求目标,提供了哲学依据。本研究得出结论：体育是运动不息的过程哲学,是完善身心的过程历练,是追求更高智慧的过程文化。为此,现代学校体育应确立过程性评价理念,注重学生身心文化的培育,重视学生终身体育习惯的培养。  相似文献   

Learning and adaptation with regard to complementary medicine in a foreign context: Intercultural experiences of medical students from different cultural backgrounds     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2016

Little is known about challenges and transition that medical students from different cultural backgrounds face with regard to complementary medicine (CM). This paper explores such students’ experiences and perspectives of socio-cultural and academic difference with regard to CM and experiences of intercultural relations. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, 30 in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with medical students across 10 Australian medical schools. The data were rigorously analysed through a systematic process of coding, categorisation and theoretical development. The findings indicate that students adapted considerably to the host culture. Students with Western backgrounds integrated better socio-culturally and academically compared to students with non-Western backgrounds. Although nationality represented cultural identity, students’ construction of cultural difference was informed by their perception of diverging value systems within the specific educational environment. These values were, in turn, reflected in students’ reported behaviours, attitudes, and levels of engagement in socio-cultural and academic aspects of university life. Adaptation employed by students was evidenced largely due to their conflicting sense of responsibility towards familial culture regarding CM and focus on fitting in. While students’ tendency to gravitate towards cultural peers was evident, most students adapted to their host environment regarding CM to fit into normal intercultural encounters during medical school. In conclusion, students’ intercultural contact with regard to CM was both complex and problematic. At a time of significant diversification within the higher education student body, this paper highlights the role medical education institutions can play in fostering intercultural and academic guidance and support.  相似文献   

Cultural Identification and Religious Identification Contribute Differentially to the Adaptation of Australian Adolescent Muslims     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2016

Australian Muslims are generally perceived as a devalued group in Australia and the public attitudes towards them are generally negative. This context raises questions about belonging and adaptation among Australian adolescent Muslims. The current study investigated how adolescent Muslims relate to their heritage culture, religion, and Australian culture, and which of these three factors is most important to adolescent Muslims’ psychological and socio-cultural adaptation. The study employed a mixed-method design. A total of 321 high school Muslim students (149 males and 172 females) aged between 14 and 18 years completed self-report questionnaires, and a subset sample of 18 students in the same age range, evenly split between males and females, participated in semi-structured interviews. The study revealed a hierarchical pattern of identification among Australian adolescent Muslims, with attachment to their religion being the most important, followed by heritage culture identification and being Australian in third place. Australian adolescent Muslims’ religious identification was perceived overall as more crucial to their socio-cultural and psychological adaptation, than their heritage culture identification or Australian identification. There was an overall modest contribution of Australian identification to adolescent Muslims’ adaptation. This might be connected with the relatively less attachment they show to their Australian identity due maybe to perception of being the target of prejudice, an issue that can be addressed by implementation of prejudice reduction strategies.  相似文献   

心灵的哲学求索与科学探索   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

沈骊天 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2006,20(5):103-110

对心灵本性的求索,成为几千年人类文明的最高智慧。近代心灵哲学围绕身心二元论和身心一元论的分歧展开。以笛卡尔为代表的身心二元论认为身体与心灵分属不同的实体;身心一元论则认为不存在独立于身体的心灵,精神是物质构成的身体属性的一部分,心灵可以完全归结为生理、物理运动。当代生命科学、信息科学的进展,正从科学的意义上揭示心灵的本质。心灵是存在于、但又独立于身体的信息,其物理载体是脑中变化着的脑电流。参透心灵的信息本质,不仅带来思想观念的深刻革命;而且使人们得以展望生命科学技术一系列堪称梦想成真的未来前景,如“永生的生命”的可实现性,拥有自我、具有情感的人工智慧生命的出现,心灵“自我编号”的破译和心灵的自由释放,网界生命的出现,等等。  相似文献   

小学语文教学中的情感教育及其实施策略     

尤慧冷 《天津教育》2021,(1):152-153

小学语文是基础学科,语文的学习是为以后其他学科的学习奠定基础,如今的教育不能再是简单的"传道授业解惑",要运用多种多样的教学方法,培养学生的学习情感,引导学生爱上学习,并建立良好的师生关系,从而提高教学质量,本文针对小学语文教学中的情感教育及其实施策略提出了建议.  相似文献   

Understandings of national identity and outgroup attitudes in culturally diverse Mauritius     

《Int J Intercult Relat》2020

This study investigated understandings of national group belonging in relation to attitudes toward foreign and established outgroups in Mauritius. Representative data were collected among the three numerically largest ethno-cultural groups (Hindus, Muslims, and Creoles; N_total = 1770) and results confirmed a distinction between “being,” “doing,” and “feeling” Mauritian among all three groups, with some small differences for Creoles compared to Hindus and Muslims. Furthermore, “being” Mauritian was not significantly related to attitudes toward established and foreign outgroups. In contrast, the “doing” understanding was negatively associated with both attitudes, and the “feeling” understanding showed positive associations with both outgroup attitudes among all three participant groups. The findings make a novel contribution to the literature on how people understand national identity, how these understandings differ between ethno-cultural groups within a nation, and how these relate to attitudes toward foreign as well as established outgroups.  相似文献   

阿多诺音乐分析的哲学基础——从《新音乐的哲学》对《启蒙辩证法》的补充切人     

王奥娜 《美育学刊》2020,11(2):102-107

阿多诺其人一生都在音乐和哲学之间徘徊往返,这不仅体现在其思想逻辑里,更显现在其著作中,然而相较于阿多诺的哲学思想研究,对其音乐理论研究却是少数。从《启蒙辩证法》的文本入手,深入挖掘“启蒙”的内涵,明确“启蒙辩证法”自身的逻辑线条以及其中的启蒙精神与批判逻辑在《新音乐的哲学》中的自觉贯彻,有助于从整体上把握阿多诺的哲学、美学和音乐思想。  相似文献