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《Journal of moral education》2012,41(4):425-439
The decision to intentionally withhold truthful information, or deception, is a key component of moral development and may be a precursor to more serious anti-social tendencies. Two factors, executive function (EF) and temperamental fear are each thought to influence childhood deception. Few studies, however, have explored deception in relation to both of these factors simultaneously. This was the goal of the present study. EF, as measured by a working memory (WM) task, and temperamental fear, as measured via maternal report were assessed in relation to observed deceptive behavior among six- to nine-year-old children (N = 43). Results showed that children displaying high WM capacity and high temperamental fear were more likely to exhibit deceptive behavior. Implications for predictors of childhood deception and applications for moral education are discussed. 相似文献
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《Journalism Practice》2013,7(2):159-174
This study examines 10 recent high-profile cases of journalistic deceptions at major American news organizations, and analyzes deceptive news and authentic news in a comparative perspective. Applying disaster incubation theory and normal accident theory to newsrooms, it focuses on how newsroom organizational culture contributes to journalistic deceptions. Results suggest that prior to the final revelation of a reporter's deception, an incubation period occurs during which a “first flag”—an initial warning signal often related to the reporter's earliest work that gives rise to suspicion of authenticity—is overlooked. The study also identifies patterns in deceptive news that distinguish it from authentic news. Deceptive news stories are more likely than authentic news stories to be filed from a remote location, to be on a story topic conducive to source secrecy, to be on the front page (or magazine cover), to contain more sources, more “diverse” sources and more hard-to-trace sources. It is suggested that editors might use these recognizable patterns to help prevent journalistic deceptions. 相似文献
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Ronald L. Applbaum 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(4):227-235
The purpose of the article is to: (1) identify the type of subjects used in published speech communication research over the last decade, (2) report the results of a survey of departments to determine present practices and policies regarding the use of subjects and (3) compare past and present subject selection practices. The review and survey indicate that, although a greater use of subjects from outside colleges has occurred, speech communication researchers continue to use college students as their primary source of subjects. Published articles generally do not report information needed for the replication and certification of findings. 相似文献
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Ivo Jirásek 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):177-181
Herein I address and extend the sparse literature on deception in sports, specifically, Kathleen Pearson’s Deception, Sportsmanship, and Ethics and Mark J. Hamilton’s There’s No Lying in Baseball (Wink, Wink). On a Kantian foundation, I argue that attempts to deceive officials, such as framing pitches in baseball, are morally unacceptable because they necessarily regard others (e.g., the umpire) as incompetent and as a mere means to one’s own self-interested ends. More dramatically I argue, contrary to Pearson and Hamilton, that some forms of competitor-to-competitor deception (which Pearson labels ‘strategic deception’) are similarly unacceptable. Specifically, I offer a ‘principle of caustic deceit’ according to which any strategic deception that divorces a game from its constitutive skills is morally untoward and ought to be met with negative social pressure at least, and/or legislated out of existence. The problem with these forms of strategic deception is that they treat one’s opponents, again in the Kantian sense, as a mere means to one’s own self-interested ends. 相似文献
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Torin Monahan 《The Information Society》2016,32(4):229-240
This article explores technological systems that dissimulate by design. Examples include untrustworthy hotel and workplace thermostats, digital applications to spy on workers and family members, and commercial and law-enforcement systems that surreptitiously collect mobile phone data. Rather than view such cases as exceptional, I argue that deceptive communication systems are hidden articulations of normal technological orders. If deception in itself is not the primary problem with such systems, then transparency alone cannot be the solution. As troubling as institutional opacity might be, an analysis of deceptive systems reveals more fundamental problems: imbalances in power and widespread acquiescence to corporate and state efforts to control individuals, groups, and their data. By moving beyond a quest for (or belief in) technological veracity, scholars could redirect attention to power inequalities and the pressing question of how to live together ethically. 相似文献
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以56名幼儿为研究对象,考察不同文化背景下欺骗对儿童误信念理解的影响。Sullivan和Winner的研究表明：欺骗情境能促进年幼儿童对心理的理解;儿童对不知与误信念的理解没有显著差异。研究验证了第二个结论,但没发现欺骗情境下儿童的成绩有明显提高,反而在标准情境下中国儿童的成绩均优于美国儿童,这可能是由于文化和教育上的差异造成的。 相似文献
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Cristiano Castelfranchi 《Ethics and Information Technology》2000,2(2):113-119
In H-C interaction, computer supported cooperation andorganisation, computer mediated commerce, intelligentdata bases, teams of robots. etc. there will bepurposively deceiving computers. In particular, withinthe Agent-based paradigm we will have ``deceivingagents''. Several kinds of deception will be present ininteraction with the user, or among people viacomputer, or among artificial agents not only formalicious reasons (war, commerce, fraud, etc.) butalso for goodwill and in our interest. Social control,trust, and moral aspects in artificial societies willbe the focus of theoretical worm as well as ofimplementation. Is there any special affinity betweenAI and deception? 相似文献
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假动作在自由式摔跤训练、比赛中是一个比较重要的技术基础,它能使运动员在训练和比赛中,大大提高动作的成功率,并创造出良好的进攻机会.运动员在运用抱腿技术动作时,更加具有隐蔽性、突然性.进攻中眼神的作用、手法的变法、位置的移动,进攻与反攻之间的时间差、威胁、挑逗、阻挠等各种假动作手段越来越受到了广大自由式摔跤教练员和运动员的重视. 相似文献
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"兵者诡道"与"兵以诈立"思想是《孙子兵法》指导思想出发的原点,也是贯穿全书始终的权谋思想的核心,不仅在《孙子兵法》的思想体系中起着无可替代的重要作用,而且对今日美国情报理论研究领域也产生了极为深远的影响。其思想精髓已远远超越了时间与空间的局限,在新的时代背景下得到了进一步的拓展并不断焕发出熠熠光彩。 相似文献