Torque–velocity characteristics and contractile rate of force development in elite badminton players     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):127-134

Abstract

Elite badminton requires muscular endurance combined with appropriate maximal and explosive muscle strength. The musculature of the lower extremities is especially important in this context since rapid and forceful movements with the weight of the body are performed repeatedly throughout a match. In the present study, we examined various leg-strength parameters of 35 male elite badminton players who had been performing resistance exercises as part of their physical training for several years. The badminton players were compared with an age-matched reference group, the members of whom were physically active on a recreational basis, and to the same reference group after they had performed resistance training for 14 weeks. Maximal muscle strength of the knee extensor (quadriceps) and flexor muscles (hamstrings) was determined using isokinetic dynamometry. To measure explosive muscle strength, the contractile rate of force development was determined during maximal isometric muscle contractions. In general, the badminton players showed greater maximal muscle strength and contractile rate of force development than the reference group: mean quadriceps peak torque during slow concentric contraction: 3.69 Nm · kg^?1, s=0.08 vs. 3.26 Nm · kg^?1, s=0.8 (P<0.001); mean hamstring peak torque during slow concentric contraction: 1.86 Nm · kg^?1, s=0.04 vs. 1.63 Nm · kg^?1, s=0.04 (P<0.001); mean quadriceps rate of force development at 100 ms: 24.4 Nm · s^?1·kg^?1, s=0.5 vs. 22.1 Nm·s^?1 · kg^?1, s=0.6 (P<0.05); mean hamstring rate of force development at 100 ms: 11.4 Nm · s^?1·kg^?1, s=0.3 vs. 8.9 Nm · s^?1 · kg^?1, s=0.4 (P<0.05). However, after 14 weeks of resistance training the reference group achieved similar isometric and slow concentric muscle strength as the badminton players, although the badminton players still had a higher isometric rate of force development and muscle strength during fast (240° · s^?1) quadriceps contractions. Large volumes of concurrent endurance training could have attenuated the long-term development of maximal muscle strength in the badminton players. The badminton players had a higher contractile rate of force development than the reference group before and after resistance training. Greater explosive muscle strength in the badminton players might be a physiological adaptation to their badminton training.  相似文献   

Gene-talk and sport-talk: A view from the radical middle ground     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):223-230

Abstract

In this paper, we explore and reflect critically on what elite sport may expect or fear from genetic technologies. In particular, we explore the language in which we (where ‘‘we’’ denotes scientists, sports scientists, the media, sports coaches, academics) tend to speak about genetics, elite sport, and the human body – we call this language ‘‘gene-talk’’ – which imagines the world of elite sport as one in which genes were always dominant in athletic performance. The dominant question here seems to be whether what is thought to be possible ought to be, and can be realized. We unpack the question by asking whether the practices needed for genetics to intervene so powerfully in elite sport exist in the straightforward and uncomplicated manner that the ‘‘gene-talk’’ literature seems to suggest. We argue that there is a lack of relevant studies to support and analyse the notion of sports performance as an immensely rich and complex practice.We conclude that elite sport may be more complex and heterogeneous than ‘‘gene-talk’’ has imagined to date.  相似文献   

What is mental fatigue in elite sport? Perceptions from athletes and staff     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(10):1367-1376

  相似文献   

Well-being in competitive sports—The feel-good factor? A review of conceptual considerations of well-being     

《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(2):109-127

This paper summarizes the topic of well-being as it applies to competitive athletes, with a particular focus on definitional and conceptual issues. Established definitions within research on human happiness and flourishing based on the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives are contrasted against definitions applied within sport psychology. The majority of the reviewed sport psychology studies either failed to define well-being or used a variety of labels to describe the construct (e.g., subjective well-being, psychological well-being, mental well-being). A large number of assessments have been used to assess well-being among athletes, but most were applied with only a weak theoretical rationale and did not distinguish between well-being at the global and sport levels. It is concluded that well-being studies within sport psychology have been hampered by conceptual ambiguity, which makes it difficult to compare results across studies and generalize findings in order to develop a sound theoretical base of knowledge. Future research needs to more explicitly define the conceptual framework of well-being and the level (global or context-specific) on which the construct is investigated. Toward this goal, an integrated model is presented to provide a conceptual well-being structure in sport studies, and future directions for research are discussed.  相似文献   

我国优秀女子长跑运动员核心稳定性的研究     

刘春红  孙学东  刘文俊  吴庆东 《吉林体育学院学报》2013,(2):66-69

以我国12名优秀女子长跑运动员为研究对象,应用BTE多功能肌力测试系统,对我国优秀长跑运动员核心稳定性进行综合评价。在对测试结果分析的基础上,制定有针对性的训练手段与方法,为我国优秀女子长跑运动员核心稳定性的提高提供帮助。  相似文献   

英国高水平竞技体育人才培养的LTAD模式研究     

卢文云  陈宁  龚文平 《体育与科学》2013,(5)

本文分析了英国高水平竞技体育人才培养L T AD模式的认识基础、基本构架、组织管理、资金投入以及对运动员的文化教育,结合我国高水平竞技体育人才培养存在的问题,从顶层设计、组织管理模式、政府公共投资以及运动员的文化教育几个方面提出了我国高水平竞技体育人才培养模式改革的建议。  相似文献   

影响太极拳运动员表现力的自身因素研究     

汤林侠  陈蓓 《搏击·武术科学》2013,(11):45-47

文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、观察法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,分析、探讨了太极拳运动员表现力表达的主要途径以及影响太极拳运动员表现力的自身因素。结果表明：影响太极拳运动员表现力自身最重要的因素是形体和技艺水平、对太极拳的理解能力及对音乐的理解和鉴赏能力。  相似文献   

Progression and variability of competitive performance of Olympic swimmers     

David B Pyne  Cassie B Trewin  William G Hopkins 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):613-620

Estimates of progression and variability of athletic performance in competitions are useful for researchers and practitioners interested in factors that affect performance. We used repeated-measures mixed modelling to analyse 676 official race times of 26 US and 25 Australian Olympic swimmers in the 12-month period leading up to the 2000 Olympic Games. Progression was expressed as percent changes in mean performance; variability was expressed as the coefficient of variation in performance of an individual swimmer between races. Within competitions, both nations showed similar improvements in mean time from heats through finals (overall 1.2%; 95% confidence limits 1.1 to 1.3%). Mean competition time also improved over 12 months by a similar amount in both nations (0.9%; 95% confidence limits 0.6 to 1.2%). The US swimmers showed a greater improvement between the finals (a difference of 0.5%; 95% confidence limits ?0.2 to 1.1%), which paralleled changes in the medal haul of the two nations. The coefficient of variation in performance time for a swimmer between races was 0.60% (95% confidence limits 0.56 to 0.65%) within a competition and 0.80% (95% confidence limits 0.73 to 0.86%) between competitions. Our results show that: (a) to stay in contention for a medal, an Olympic swimmer should improve his or her performance by ～1% within a competition and by ～1% within the year leading up to the Olympics; (b) an additional enhancement of ～0.4% (one-half the between-competition variability) would substantially increase the swimmer's chances of a medal.  相似文献   

Circles on pommel horse with a suspended aid: Spatio-temporal characteristics     

Beat Knechtle  Patrizia Knechtle  Thomas Rosemann  Oliver Senn 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):571-577

Abstract

We investigated the associations of anthropometry, training, and pre-race experience with race time in 93 recreational male ultra-marathoners (mean age 44.6 years, s = 10.0; body mass 74.0 kg, s = 9.0; height 1.77 m, s = 0.06; body mass index 23.4 kg · m^?2, s = 2.0) in a 100-km ultra-marathon using bivariate and multivariate analysis. In the bivariate analysis, body mass index (r = 0.24), the sum of eight skinfolds (r = 0.55), percent body fat (r = 0.57), weekly running hours (r = ?0.29), weekly running kilometres (r = ?0.49), running speed during training (r = ?0.50), and personal best time in a marathon (r = 0.72) were associated with race time. Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed an independent and negative association of weekly running kilometres and average speed in training with race time, as well as a significant positive association between the sum of eight skinfold thicknesses and race time. There was a significant positive association between 100-km race time and personal best time in a marathon. We conclude that both training and anthropometry were independently associated with race performance. These characteristics remained relevant even when controlling for personal best time in a marathon.  相似文献   

Book Review     

F. Colloud  P. Bahuaud  N. Doriot  S. Champely  L. Chèze 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):479-480

Abstract

The mechanical responses (i.e. external contact forces and external power) of 25 elite rowers to a race-pace rowing protocol were investigated on the traditional fixed stretcher mechanism and the more recently introduced free-floating stretcher mechanism rowing ergometers. Using a Rowperfect rowing ergometer for both conditions, external contact forces at the handle, stretcher and sliding seat, as well as the displacements of the handle and stretcher, were recorded. The external power was calculated as the product of the force and velocity data from both the handle and stretcher. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the two conditions for each mechanical parameter were observed. The fixed condition showed larger maximum values for forces and external power and average power throughout the rowing cycle. Moreover, rowing with the fixed mechanism generated higher inertial forces during the transition between the propulsion and recovery phases, especially at the catch of the cycle. The results suggest that: (i) muscular coordination may differ according to the stretcher mechanism used, which could have an impact on the physiological adaptations of muscles; and (ii) the free-floating mechanism may induce lower catch and maximum values for net joint forces and net joint moments that could decrease the risk of injury.  相似文献