高等体育院校投掷专项本科生运动损伤的调查分析及其预防   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程昊 《山东体育学院学报》2006,22(4):66-67,71

1前言投掷项目包括推铅球、掷铁饼、掷标枪和掷链球。虽然各项目中的器械形状、重量以及技术形式各不相同,但合理的技术动作都遵循着共同的规律。按项群理论的划分,投掷运动属于体能主导类快速力量性项目。投掷运动中各项目的技术动作过程均是由握持器械、助跑、最后用力、缓冲  相似文献   

我国排球运动员的损伤研究(综述)   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

李银芳  安兵 《山东体育学院学报》2003,19(4):50-52

排球运动是世界上流行的运动项目之一，排球运动员的损伤率估计在二到五人每一千训练比赛小时，主要的损伤部位是在肩、腰、膝、踝等部位，运动损伤方面的研究目前还不成体系，因为各研究的损伤标准不一。为了减少运动损伤的发生率，从内外两个方面综述运动损伤发生的原因及其预防措施。  相似文献   

构建我国学校体育保险机制的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈进良 《山东体育学院学报》2010,26(4)

随着学校体育运动的蓬勃开展,在体育教学、训练和比赛中出现的运动伤害事故逐渐增多,由此引发的学生、家长与学校之间关于运动伤害事故纠纷的案件频频出现.加强对我国学校体育保险机制的研究与探讨,能够有效地迎合我国学校体育活动的开展.建立我国学校体育保险机制,对解决学生在运动过程中出现伤害事故后带来的诸多问题,消除学生在运动过程中的后顾之忧,具有重要的意义和作用.  相似文献   

Mathematical modelling as a tool to assessment of loads in volleyball player’s shoulder joint during spike     

Jacek Jurkojć  Robert Michnik  Krzysztof Czapla 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1179-1186

This article deals with kinematic and kinetic conditions in volleyball attack and identifies loads in the shoulder joint. Joint angles and velocities of individual segments of upper limb were measured with the use of the motion capture system XSENS. Muscle forces and loads in skeletal system were calculated by means of mathematical model elaborated in AnyBody system. Spikes performed by players in the best and worst way were compared with each other. The relationships were found between reactions in shoulder joint and flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and rotation angles in the same joint and flexion/extension in the elbow joint. Reactions in shoulder joint varied from 591 N to 2001 N (in relation to body weight [BW] 83–328%).

The analysis proved that hand velocity at the moment of the ball hit (which varied between 6.8 and 13.3 m s^–1) influences on the value of reaction in joints, but positions of individual segments relative to each other are also crucial. It was also proved in objective way, that position of the upper limb during spike can be more or less harmful assuming that bigger reaction increases possibility of injury, what can be an indication for trainers and physiotherapists how to improve injury prevention.  相似文献   

Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? part I: A critical review of the literature     

Bas Van Hooren  Frans Bosch 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2313-2321

It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running.  相似文献   

Increasing hip and knee flexion during a drop-jump task reduces tibiofemoral shear and compressive forces: implications for ACL injury prevention training     

Liang-Ching Tsai  Yi-An Ko  Kyle E. Hammond  John W. Xerogeanes  Gordon L. Warren  Christopher M. Powers 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2405-2411

Although most ACL injury prevention programmes encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing, it remains unknown how this technique influences tibiofemoral joint forces. We examined whether a landing strategy utilising greater hip and knee flexion decreases tibiofemoral anterior shear and compression. Twelve healthy women (25.9 ± 3.5 years) performed a drop-jump task before and after a training session (10–15 min) that emphasised greater hip and knee flexion. Peak tibiofemoral anterior shear and compressive forces were calculated using an electromyography (EMG)-driven knee model that incorporated joint kinematics, EMG and participant-specific muscle volumes and patella tendon orientation measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants demonstrated a decrease in peak anterior tibial shear forces (11.1 ± 3.3 vs. 9.6 ± 2.7 N · kg^?1; P = 0.008) and peak tibiofemoral compressive forces (68.4 ± 7.6 vs. 62.0 ± 5.5 N · kg^?1; P = 0.015) post-training. The decreased peak anterior tibial shear was accompanied by a decrease in the quadriceps anterior shear force, while the decreased peak compressive force was accompanied by decreased ground reaction force and hamstring forces. Our data provide justification for injury prevention programmes that encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing to reduce tibiofemoral joint loading.  相似文献   

Bicycle rider control skills: expertise and assessment     

Borut Fonda  Nejc Sarabon 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1383-1391

Abstract

Research on how human balance and control bicycles are inconclusive, largely due to the small number of participants in the previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that 1) cycling lateral deviation amplitude will reliably show differences between more and less experienced cyclists and 2) more experienced will exhibit slower and smaller steering motions compared to the less experienced cyclists. Twenty-eight experienced and inexperienced cyclists rode a bicycle in a straight line. Lateral deviation, steering and roll were measured. Intersession reliability of the deviation was high with Cronbach’s alpha values higher than 0.75. The amplitude, variability and rate of steering and roll parameters showed statistically significant differences between the groups. The test used in this study is sensitive to detect differences between more and less experienced cyclists and can be used for further research that aims to test the effect of a specific intervention addressing rider control. We also showed that steering and roll angle, which were described before as two of the main motor control actions in bicycle control, differ in the variability, amplitude and rate between more and less experienced cyclists. The results of the present study have practical implications for improving bicycle rider control and increasing the safety of cyclists.  相似文献   

北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤特征与风险因素筛查     

吴放  陈效科 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(7):56-62

摘要：目的：掌握北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤的流行情况,对导致运动损伤发生的风险因素进行筛查,为进一步预防男子大学生足球运动损伤的发生提供依据。方法：应用方便分层抽样的方法,对参加北京市男子大学生足球联赛甲、乙、丙组的14所高校249名在校大学生足球运动员的损伤情况进行调查,应用T检验、单因素χ2检验与二元非条件logistic回归模型进行分析。结果与结论：充分了解了北京市男子大学生足球运动员的运动损伤现状和特征;筛查出为运动损伤发生的主要的风险因素;错误的技术动作、对手的粗野动作导致损伤发生的主要诱发事件。  相似文献   

试论竞技体育中故意伤害行为的刑法考量          下载免费PDF全文

王晓贞 《体育科研》2017,(1):14-18，25

采用文献研究结合逻辑分析的方法,从竞技体育行业特殊性及其刑法规制争议性出发,结合国内外相关案例,通过对刑法规制的损益分析,从支持刑法规制的角度,提出了认定竞技体育故意伤害行为是否触犯刑法的具体判断标准及步骤,即应当严格遵循“客观不法+主观有责”两步判断法,在主客观重合的范围内判断该行为是否构成犯罪,必要时考虑该行为损害的法益是否受刑法保护,从而更好地进行个案平衡。  相似文献   

Compelling overuse injury incidence in youth multisport athletes     

Abdallah Rejeb  Amanda Johnson  Roel Vaeyens  Cosmin Horobeanu  Abdulaziz Farooq  Erik Witvrouw 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(4):495-502

The present investigation was carried out to examine the incidence and pattern of injuries in adolescent multisport athletes from youth sports academy. Injury data were prospectively collected from 166 athletes during the seasons from 2009 to 2014. A total of 643 injuries were identified, 559 (87.0%) were time-loss injuries. The overall injury incidence was 5.5 (95% confidence interval CI: 5.1–6.0), the incidence of time-loss injuries was 4.8 (95% CI: 4.4–5.2), the incidence of growth conditions was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) and incidence of serious injuries was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.8) per 1000?h of exposure. The prevalence of overuse injuries was 50.3%. Growth conditions represented 20.0%. Most of the injuries (67.0%) involved the lower extremities, and both foot and ankle were the most predominant injured body parts (22.0%). Knee injuries were mostly from overuse (50 vs. 23, p?=?.02), whereas foot and ankle injuries resulted from an acute mechanism (94 vs. 31, p?<?.0001). Minor and moderate injuries accounted for 87.0%. Muscle, tendon and osteochondrosis injuries accounted for 52.0% of all injuries. Comparing groups, squash sport was having the highest injury incidence (8.5 injuries per athlete). Higher exposure was associated with greater overuse relative risk (RR?=?1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.014, p?<?.001). In conclusion, the results of this study identified a high incidence of injuries in this youth sports population. Striking was the prevalence of overuse injuries of 50%, which suggests the need for injury prevention protocols for adolescent highly trained athletes.  相似文献