2型糖尿病中葡萄糖代谢异常的研究进展     

侯志敏 《廊坊师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2009,9(2):59-61

葡萄糖代谢异常是2型糖尿病的主要病理生理改变,胰岛素依赖性和非胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖代谢通路的多个环节发生了异常改变,阐明2型糖尿病葡萄糖代谢异常的分子机制,对糖尿病的治疗和预防具有重大意义。  相似文献   

Post-exercise ingestion of different amounts of protein affects plasma insulin concentration in humans     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):152-160

Abstract

The synergistic stimulating effect of combined intake of carbohydrate and protein on plasma insulin concentration has been reported previously. However, it remains unclear whether the amount of protein ingested after exercise affects the concentrations of plasma insulin and amino acids. This study of trained men compared the effects of post-exercise co-ingestion of carbohydrate plus different amounts of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) with carbohydrate alone on (1) blood biochemical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism during the post-exercise phase, and (2) endurance performance. Eight trained men exercised continuously for 70 min. Immediately after exercise and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min later, the participants received supplements containing: (1) 17.5 g carbohydrate, (2) 3.0 g WPHs and 17.5 g carbohydrate (L-WPH), or (3) 8.0 g WPHs and 17.5 g carbohydrate (H-WPH). After a 2-h recovery period, the participants performed an endurance performance test. The concentrations of blood glucose were lower and plasma insulin significantly higher in the H-WPH trial compared with the carbohydrate trial. The concentrations of plasma amino acids were increased in a dose-dependent manner following ingestion of different amounts of WPHs with carbohydrate. Endurance performance was not significantly different between the three trials. Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and H-WPH was more effective than ingestion of carbohydrate alone for stimulating insulin secretion and increasing the availability of plasma amino acids. These results suggest that plasma concentrations of amino acids during the recovery period are determined by the amount of dietary protein ingested, and that it is necessary to increase the concentration of plasma amino acids above a certain level to stimulate insulin secretion.  相似文献   

Hyperinsulinemia and overweight in obese Zucker rats effectively suppressed by exercise training with hypoxia recovery     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):221-230

Abstract

It is currently unknown whether hypoxia training can effectively suppress overweight and hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese animals. In this study, both lean and obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned into the following groups: control (CON, n=7), exercise training (EX, n=7), hypoxia (HYP, n=7) and exercise training with hypoxia recovery (EX+HYP, n=7). During a 6-week training period, rats performed swimming exercise progressively from 30 to 180 min·day^?1, and recovered under hypoxia (14% oxygen for 8 h·day^?1). Obese Zucker rats exhibited substantially greater fasting insulin levels, and exaggerated glucose and insulin responses following an oral glucose challenge compared with lean rats. At the beginning of week 6, body weight, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, area under curve of glucose (GAUC) and insulin (IAUC) in the EX+HYP group were significantly lower than CON group among the obese rats. Meanwhile, only GAUC was significantly lower in the EX group compared to the CON group. At the end of week 6, capillaries to fibre ratio (C/F), capillary density (CD) and type IIa fibre proportion of the plantaris muscle in the EX group were significantly greater than the CON group (P<0.05), but no additive effect of hypoxia on exercise training was observed. Our data demonstrate that exercise training with prolonged hypoxia recovery offers better metabolic benefits than exercise training alone for the obese Zucker rats. This advantage was closely associated with effective weight reduction.  相似文献   

Insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance testing in athletes: Disagreement between available indices     

Konstantinos Niakaris  Faidon Magkos  Nikos Geladas  Labros S Sidossis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1065-1073

The aims of the present study were to determine whether available “fasting” and oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity indices could effectively discriminate between individuals with higher than normal insulin sensitivity, and whether they would all provide similar information in clinical practice. Sprint runners (n = 8), endurance runners (n = 8) and sedentary controls (n = 7) received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All participants were healthy lean males, aged 21?–?29 years. Besides glucose and insulin responses, a total of nine such indices were computed. Fasting as well as post-load glucose concentrations were similar in the three groups, while basal plasma insulin and the insulinaemic response to glucose were both higher in untrained individuals (at P?<?0.05 and P?<?0.02, respectively). There were no differences between endurance and sprint runners. The results for insulin sensitivity, however, were quite variable: three indices showed that both groups of athletes were more insulin-sensitive than controls; three indicated that this was the case for endurance runners only; one indicated that this was the case for sprint runners only; and two showed that sprint runners were more insulin-sensitive than either sedentary individuals or endurance runners (all differences were significant at P?<?0.05). Controlling for total body weight or lean mass did not effectively resolve this disagreement. Apparently, the various insulin sensitivity indices examined provided different quantitative and qualitative information, despite insulin action being greater in both groups of athletes relative to controls, as reflected by their similar glucose tolerance with lower insulin concentrations. We suggest, therefore, that the use and interpretation of such indices among physically active individuals be made with caution.  相似文献   

Optimization of insulin-mediated creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans     

G. Pittas  M. D. Hazell  E. J. Simpson  P. L. Greenhaff 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):67-74

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether creatine ingested in combination with relatively small quantities of essential amino acids, simple sugars, and protein would stimulate insulin release and augment whole-body creatine retention to the same extent as a large bolus of simple sugars. Seven young, healthy males underwent three randomized, 3-day experimental trials. Each day, 24-h urine collections were made, and on the second day participants received 5 g creatine + water (creatine trial), 5 g creatine + ～95 g dextrose (creatine + carbohydrate) or 5 g creatine + 14 g protein hydrolysate, 7 g leucine, 7 g phenylalanine, and 57 g dextrose (creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate) via naso-gastric tube at three equally spaced intervals. Blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals after the first and third naso-gastric bolus. After administration of the first and third bolus, serum insulin concentration was increased by 15 min (P < 0.05) in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials compared with creatine alone, and plasma creatine increased more following creatine alone (15 min, P < 0.05) than in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials. Urinary creatine excretion was greater with creatine alone (P < 0.05) than with creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate. Administration of creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate can stimulate insulin release and augment whole-body creatine retention to the same extent as when larger quantities of simple sugars are ingested.  相似文献   

肥胖与2型糖尿病的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵路静  宋春青 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2005,22(1):51-53

目的:探讨肥胖与2型糖尿病的关系.方法:随机选取93例患者,根据体质指数(BMD=体重/身高2,分为正常组20例(BMI＜25),超重组33例(BMI≥25),肥胖组40例(BMI≥30).分别比较2型糖尿病的患病率.结果:肥胖组与超重组2型糖尿病患病率(40.0%、27.3%)均高于正常组(10.0%).肥胖组与超重组之间2型糖尿病患病率无显著性差别.结论:肥胖是导致2型糖尿病发生的重要因素.  相似文献   

有氧运动和大豆多肽对高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素抵抗形成和血脂代谢的干预作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

金其贯  张美玲  潘艳娟  罗强  陈宝  邓玉强 《北京体育大学学报》2008,31(1):40-43

目的 :探讨有氧运动和补充大豆多肽对高脂饮食大鼠胰岛素抵抗形成的干预作用及其机制.方法 :在给SD大鼠喂饲高脂饮食的同时,进行10周的有氧运动锻炼或/和补充大豆多肽,实验结束时测定空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)和游离脂肪酸(FFA)等指标,并计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、稳态模型-IR指数(HOMA-IR).结果:1)10周的高脂饮食可使大鼠FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR指数显著升高,而ISI指数显著降低;2)在高脂饮食诱导大鼠IR形成的同时,进行10周60 min的有氧运动锻炼或补充SPH,可以显著降低高脂饮食大鼠FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR指数,提高ISI指数;与此同时,运动联合补充SPH可使高脂饮食大鼠FINS、HOMA-IR指数进一步降低,跚进一步升高,但无显著性差异;3)HF组大鼠血清TG、TC和FFA显著高于对照组,运动训练或补充SPH可使高脂饮食大鼠血清TG、TC和FFA含量显著降低,且具有显著的交互作用.结论 :1)10周的高脂饮食可以诱导大鼠IR的形成;2)运动训练或补充SPH可以显著地预防高脂饮食大鼠IR的形成,而且,运动锻炼联合补充SPH在一定程度上对预防高脂饮食大鼠IR的形成具有促进作用.3)高脂饮食诱导大鼠m的形成机制与高脂饮食大鼠血脂代谢紊乱有关;而运动训练或补充SPH可以改善血脂代谢来预防m的形成.  相似文献   

糖尿病患者体内某些物质的变化     

姚梅 《黑龙江科技信息》2009,(2):231-231

糖尿病是一种常见的复杂性疾病,发病原因既有遗传因素又有环境因素,属于多遗传基因。目前人类根据对糖尿病患者体内某些物质的变化进行了研究,发现了诸如下丘脑神经肽、c肽联合胰岛素、肿瘤坏死因子、瘦素等物质。在糖尿病患者体内这些物质的含量有的提高,而有的却发生了相应的下降．主要是对这几种物质进行介绍,以使人们能更加准确地了解糖尿病的发病机制,从而研制出能更加行之有效的治疗方法。  相似文献   

黄芪复方口服液对运动状态下机体血糖调节及其代谢的影响     

田春兰 《北京体育大学学报》2009,(9)

目的:探讨黄芪复方口服液对机体血糖相关调节因子的影响。方法:采用人体实验法检测在不同运动状态下机体血中胰岛素与胰高血糖素、血糖的变化。结果:1)服药组血胰岛素、胰高血糖素浓度总体高于对照组。运动即刻,服药组血胰岛素浓度极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);运动即刻,两组胰高血糖素浓度均较安静状态时升高(P<0.05)。2)运动即刻,两组血糖浓度均较安静状态时降低(P<0.05)。3)安静状态下,服药组SDH、MDH活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组内SDH、MDH活性在运动即刻时降低(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪复方口服液可以促进机体血胰岛素、胰高血糖素的释放,提高糖代谢速率,增加能量供给,延缓运动疲劳。  相似文献   

饮食脂肪含量和耐力运动对肥胖鼠胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王从容  刘亚兵  王敬泽  姚文贞  杨锡让 《体育科学》2000,20(6):51-54

研究利用２０％猪油的高脂饲料诱发大鼠肥胖模型,对胰岛素在肥胖发生中的作用,及胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性的变化进行研究,产探讨耐力运动的减体脂机制,及饮食脂肪含 量对胰岛素酶活性的影响,得出以下结论：１．高脂饲料诱发肥胖鼠存在高胰岛素血症,胰岛素敏感性下降,及胰岛素抵抗,其肝细胞膜、脂肪细胞膜、肌细胞膜胰岛素受体结合容量下降,同时,肝细胞膜与肌细胞膜胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶活性（受体激酶自动磷酯化）也  相似文献