排、篮球运动员膝关节肌力特征的对比与分析     

郭权 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(3):41-44

通过对篮、排球各10名一级运动员膝关节进行等动测试分析,结果表明:两项目运动员膝关节肌力特征最主要差异在于伸肌离心收缩能力和屈肌向心收缩能力,膝关节主对抗肌肌力比和同一肌群的离心与向心峰力矩比率上也存在一定差异,这种差异可能与两项目运动员起跳方式有关。  相似文献   

青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节等速肌力特征研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

葛卫忠  张庆来  李世森  王宝珍 《天津体育学院学报》2005,20(6):72-75

目的：通过对36名二级青少年男子短跑运动员双侧膝关节进行等速测试，探析青少年短跑运动员膝关节向心屈伸肌群的生物力学特性．为运动训练、科学选材及临床康复等提供理论依据。方法：利用Kinitech等速康复肌力测试系统对青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试。结果：青少年男子短跑运动员双侧膝关节屈伸峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势，且膝伸肌大于膝屈肌（P〈0．05），峰力矩屈伸比（V／E）随给定测试速度的增加呈递增趋势；最大功率随测试速度的增大而增加，同一测试速度下屈、伸肌群最大功率无明显差异，左、右侧相比也无显著性差异（600／s伸肌除外）；屈伸肌群达峰力矩的角度（APT）表现为伸肌角度明显低于屈肌角度，随速度增加左右两侧膝关节达峰力矩的角度无显著差异：双侧膝关节屈伸肌群达峰力矩的时间（TPT）随测试速度的增加而减小，同一测试速度下伸肌达峰力矩的时间大于屈肌；右侧膝关节屈肌相对峰力矩（PT／BM）与下肢形态学指标表现出不同程度的正相关。结论：青少年男子短跑运动员膝关节峰力矩变化规律与成年人相一致，但左右侧膝关节屈伸肌群做功能力发展不平衡，屈伸肌群运动达峰力矩角度、达峰力矩的时间存在显著差异。  相似文献   

优秀女子短道速度滑冰运动员下肢肌力特征及与500米成绩的回归分析     

夏娇阳  王新 《北京体育大学学报》2014,37(9):79-84

摘要：目的：探讨短道速度滑冰运动员下肢肌力特征以及与500米成绩的回归分析,增强训练的优化性和对项目规律的认识。方法：运用ISOMED 2000多关节等速测力系统对我国10名女子短道速度滑冰国家队队员膝、踝关节肌肉力量进行测试。结果：1）相对峰力矩和总功指标角随速度增加而下降,各速度间呈显著性差异;而膝、踝关节屈伸比指标低于国际和国内标准;运动员的膝关节爆发能力较好,踝关节在高速度下表现不足。2）左右腿同名肌群除膝关节屈伸比、踝关节平均功率两项指标,均呈显著性差异（p<0.05）,多个指标超过10%的推荐值膝关节差值在4.5%～12.9%之间,踝关节差值在5.5%～14.5%之间。3）膝伸肌群峰力矩角度（240°/s）、膝屈肌群相对峰力矩（240°/s）和膝伸肌群平均功率（180°/s）3组指标进入与500 m成绩的逐步回归方程,相关系数为0.94,决定系数为0.90,方差检验p<0.05,方程有效。结论：优秀女子短道运动员下肢膝、踝关节屈伸力量符合生物力学特征,对于短道速度滑冰项目高速度区比低速度区的力量能力更重要,膝关节肌群相对踝关节在500 m项目中起到更大作用,短道运动员的膝、踝屈伸肌群比例较低,或具有项目特点,与技术相关的力量指标与成绩的相关性更高,训练中应加强两腿同名肌群力量的平衡性,减少由于肌群不平衡所引起的伤病和技术缺陷。  相似文献   

不同屈膝角度与g值全身振动刺激对下肢肌肉影响的研究     

张帆  王长生  袁艳  祝捷  谷松  Seyed R.Seyedi  Gholam R.Zourmand 《北京体育大学学报》2014,37(11):86-91+99

摘要：目的：探讨在不同半蹲屈膝角度情况下接受不同重力加速度（g）的全身振动训练（Whole-body vibration,WBV）,下肢股内侧肌（Vastus medium,VM）与股二头肌（Bicepes femoris,BF）激活表现以及两者共同收缩变化。方法：46名健康男性大学生,以表面肌电仪监测惯用腿VM与BF肌电反应。先以3种角度（90、60、45°）半蹲姿势进行无振动刺激（Non-Vibration,NV）测试,再以相同3种屈膝角度接受WBV,振动刺激为随机采用0.98、2.52、3.72、5.61 等4种g值。统计学显著性水平为P<0.05,以配对样本T检验比较NV与WBV的肌电信号。因变量为NV与WBV的标准化肌电比例（%MVC）,自变量为g值与屈膝角度。以双因素方差分析比较不同g 值、角度的肌电反应差异以及共同收缩比例,主效应检验g值与屈膝角度对肌电信号的影响,交互作用检验不同g值振动刺激下屈膝角度差异对肌电信号的影响。结果：BF%MVC在屈膝60 °搭配0.98~3.72g 与45°搭配0.98~5.61g 的振动刺激情况下,显著高于NV,而VM在屈膝45°搭配0.98和2.52 g 时有显著提升肌肉激活的效果。结论：BF与VM的激活程度受半蹲屈膝角度影响较大,而屈膝45°搭配0.98、2.52等2种g 值对于BF与VM有较佳激活效果。  相似文献   

武术运动员膝关节损伤综述     

徐诚堂 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(11):122-123

武术运动的特点决定了它是较容易造成运动损伤的体育项目,经调查发现,武术运动员的膝关节损伤较为严重。本文通过对武术运动员膝关节损伤伤种的分析,以期为武术运动员的膝关节损伤提供预防措施。  相似文献   

Neuromuscular fatigue induced by an isotonic heavy-resistance loading protocol in knee extensors     

Simon Walker  Jussi Peltonen  Juha P. Ahtiainen  Janne Avela  Keijo Häkkinen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1271-1279

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to assess neuromuscular fatigue during a typical high-load, low-repetition loading protocol. Muscle stimulations were used to assess maximum voluntary contraction, resting single- and double-pulse twitch characteristics, and superimposed double-pulse twitch force (used to calculate voluntary activation) before and after an acute knee extension loading protocol. In our participants, who had previous resistance training experience, the mean voluntary activation level was 96.2% in an unfatigued state. Maximum voluntary contraction (?11.8%), resting double-pulse twitch force (?10.6%), and voluntary activation (?2.1%) were markedly decreased as a consequence of loading (P < 0.05). In addition, although potentiated twitch characteristics were observed during the loading protocol, this was short-lived, as fatigue surpassed the potentiation mechanisms. Our results show that both central and peripheral mechanisms contributed to neuromuscular fatigue during the present loading protocol.  相似文献   

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):678-685

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.  相似文献   

A biomechanical comparison of dominant and non-dominant limbs during a side-step cutting task     

Christine D. Pollard  Marc F. Norcross  Sam T. Johnson  Amanda E. Stone  Eunwook Chang  Mark A. Hoffman 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):271-279

Abstract

Numerous studies have investigated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk by examining gender differences in knee and hip biomechanics during a side-step cutting manoeuvre since it is known that ACL injury often occurs during such a task. Recent investigations have also examined lower extremity (LE) biomechanics during side-step cutting in individuals following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Common research practice is to compare knee and hip biomechanics of the dominant limb between groups but this can add considerable complexity for clinicians and researchers. At this time, it is not known if there is a difference in LE biomechanics between the dominant and non-dominant limb during side-step cutting. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected while 31 healthy participants performed five, side-step cutting manoeuvres with the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Knee and hip variables examined are those commonly investigated in ACL injury literature. There were no differences between limbs in all but one variable (knee internal rotation). These results demonstrate that healthy individuals exhibit little side-to-side differences in certain LE biomechanics when performing a side-step cutting manoeuvre. These findings can be utilised by clinicians when conducting dynamic evaluations of their ACLR patients and when developing injury prevention and rehabilitation programmes.  相似文献   

排球专选班膝关节损伤情况调查--以新乡学院为例     

胡建芝 《当代体育科技》2020,(11):27-28

排球运动中膝关节由于其自身的特点非常容易发生损伤,本文为了探究排球专选班学生的膝关节损伤情况,通过问卷调查法、文献法和访谈法对新乡学院排球专选班学生的膝关节损伤进行调查,总结排球专选班学生膝关节损伤形成原因与损伤特点,进而提出膝关节损伤的预防措施,以期能够帮助学生有效避免膝关节损伤,更好地参与排球运动。  相似文献   

青少年男子膝关节屈伸肌群自然发育规律的等速肌力测试研究     

李敏  李立  陈玉娟 《首都体育学院学报》2010,22(6)

通过对9～20岁203名普通大、中、小学男生双侧膝关节进行等速测试,探讨青少年男子膝关节屈伸肌群的发育特征.利用Kinitech等速测力系统对研究对象双侧膝关节屈伸肌群进行60°/s、120°/s、240°/s 3种速度的等速测试.结果显示:青少年男子膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩值随年龄的增大而增大,不存在某个年龄段快速增长的现象,在同一年龄膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩值均随测试速度的增加而减小;同一测试速度下同年龄同侧屈肌与伸肌比较,膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩值各年龄段伸肌均大于屈肌,在60°/s测试条件下,差异在9～14岁表现出显著性(P＜0.05),在15～20岁表现出高度显著性(P＜0.01),在120°/s测试条件下,左侧差异在14～20岁表现出显著性,右侧差异在15-20岁表现出显著性;同一测试速度下同年龄异侧同名肌比较差异均无显著性;膝关节屈伸肌力比H/Q值在同一测试速度下,随年龄的增大均呈现出减小的趋势;同一年龄H/Q的值随速度的增加呈现出增大的趋势.结论为:9～20岁男子膝关节屈伸肌群力量均随年龄的增大而增大,但表现出随年龄增长屈伸肌力比H/Q值呈递减的趋势,形成随年龄增大屈伸肌群力量差距增大的现象.  相似文献