The effect of anticipated achievement feedback on students' semantic processing as indicated by the N400 cloze effect     

《Learning and Instruction》2017

The present study examined the effects of anticipated achievement feedback on students' semantic processing on the neural level, using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Participants (N = 79) anticipated either self-referential or normative achievement feedback regarding an announced upcoming test. Additionally, their performance expectations (low vs. no expectations) were orthogonally manipulated. Subsequently, students' on-line semantic processing was assessed by measuring the N400 cloze effect, a component in the EEG signal of which the amplitude is associated with semantic processing. Within the low performance-expectation condition, no effect of anticipated feedback on semantic processing was found. Within the no-performance-expectation condition, participants anticipating self-referential feedback showed a more widely distributed N400 cloze effect than participants anticipating normative feedback. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the mere expectation of a particular type of feedback can affect students' semantic processes.  相似文献   

Cultures of running: characteristics and determinants     

Geoffrey Lassalle  Robin Recours  Jean Griffet 《Sport in Society》2019,22(3):342-360

Based on the studies of Mauss (1935 Mauss, M. 1935. “Les techniques du corps.” Journal de Psychologie 32: 271–293. [Google Scholar]) and Bourdieu (1980 Bourdieu, P. 1980. Le Sens pratique. Paris: Editions de Minuit. [Google Scholar]) on the determination of body techniques by culture and social background, this study seeks to describe the rules, dispositions and habits specific to different forms of athletic running. It is based on a sample of 732 athletes, all of them are the members of French athletics clubs, comprising 220 sprinters, 213 half-distance runners and 299 long-distance runners. Sports practices are different depending on sub-culture affiliation, sociological characteristics and forms of commitment. This being said, simple links between variables should not be transformed into causal connections. Before drawing such conclusions, it is important to identify the nature of the sport studied. This shows that middle-distance and long-distance enthusiasts, traditionally classified in the same family, have less, in common, than those practising sprint and middle distance. These results potentially question the methodological groups and sociological interpretations made by researchers and sports science.  相似文献   

康德历史哲学中的先验主义因素     

王平 《合肥联合大学学报》2002,12(4):8-14

康德历史哲学与其先验哲学具有内在的关联性，它既想继续解决康德哲学中自由与必然的冲突，又想打通政治哲学和道德哲学的分立，在这些尝试中，康德哲学流露出新的走向并对后世哲学有着重大影响。然而，康德历史哲学又难以摆脱其哲学固有的矛盾特征，它不可避免地会陷入二律背反的困境。  相似文献   

Predictive value of ventilatory inflection points determined under field conditions     

Christian Heyde  Hubert Mahler  Kai Roecker  Albert Gollhofer 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(9):787-793

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive potential provided by two ventilatory inflection points (VIP₁ and VIP₂) examined in field without using gas analysis systems and uncomfortable facemasks. A calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) and a computerised routine were utilised, respectively, to derive ventilation and to detect VIP₁ and VIP₂ during a standardised field ramp test on a 400 m running track on 81 participants. In addition, average running speed of a competitive 1000 m run (S_1k) was observed as criterion. The predictive value of running speed at VIP₁ (S_VIP1) and the speed range between VIP₁ and VIP₂ in relation to VIP₂ (VIP_SPAN) was analysed via regression analysis. VIP_SPAN rather than running speed at VIP₂ (S_VIP2) was operationalised as a predictor to consider the covariance between S_VIP1 and S_VIP2. S_VIP1 and VIP_SPAN, respectively, provided 58.9% and 22.9% of explained variance in regard to S_1k. Considering covariance, the timing of two ventilatory inflection points provides predictive value in regard to a competitive 1000 m run. This is the first study to apply computerised detection of ventilatory inflection points in a field setting independent on measurements of the respiratory gas exchange and without using any facemasks.  相似文献   

福州市中年人参加健身跑现状的调查研究     

吴深  李海丹 《辽宁体育科技》2016,(1):33-36

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对福州市中年人参加健身跑的情况进行调查分析,明确健身跑运动对中年人身体健康的意义和作用,旨在为中年人更好地进行健身跑运动,提供参考。  相似文献   

How much does lower body strength impact Paralympic running performance?     

E. M. Beckman  M. J. Connick  S. M. Tweedy 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):669-676

Objectives: Development of evidence-based methods of Paralympic classification requires research quantifying the relative strength of association between ratio-scaled measures of impairment and athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which muscle strength affects running performance in runners with and without brain impairment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants were 41 male runners: 13 with brain impairments (RBI) and 28 non-disabled (NDR). All participants completed a maximal 60-m sprint and a novel battery of three lower limb isometric strength tests. Results: RBI showed significantly lower strength scores compared with NDR on the more affected side in leg flexion (176 vs. 243?N), leg extension (993 vs. 1661?N) and plantarflexion (824 vs. 1457?N). Significant differences were also seen on the less affected side in plantarflexion (1072 vs. 1508?N). RBI were significantly slower in the acceleration phase (0–15?m) (3.2?s?±?0.3?vs. 2.8?s?±?0.2) and top speed phase (30?60?m) (4.3?s?±?0.6?vs. 3.8?s?±?0.3). Correlation analysis showed stronger relationships between strength and running performance in RBI than NDR; however, the correlations were not significant. Conclusions: This study evaluated measures to assess strength for the purposes of classification and found that the measures were significantly different in RBI compared with NDR indicating the tests were able to capture strength impairment in this population. This study indicates that strength may be an important impairment type to assess in this population, as impairments of muscle strength may influence the outcome of running performance in athletes with more severe impairments.  相似文献   

One hundred and fifty years of sprint and distance running – Past trends and future prospects     

Martin Weiss  Alexandra Newman  Ceri Whitmore  Stephan Weiss 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):393-401

Sprint and distance running have experienced remarkable performance improvements over the past century. Attempts to forecast running performances share an almost similarly long history but have relied so far on relatively short data series. Here, we compile a comprehensive set of season-best performances for eight Olympically contested running events. With this data set, we conduct (1) an exponential time series analysis and (2) a power-law experience curve analysis to quantify the rate of past performance improvements and to forecast future performances until the year 2100. We find that the sprint and distance running performances of women and men improve exponentially with time and converge at yearly rates of 4% ± 3% and 2% ± 2%, respectively, towards their asymptotic limits. Running performances can also be modelled with the experience curve approach, yielding learning rates of 3% ± 1% and 6% ± 2% for the women's and men's events, respectively. Long-term trends suggest that: (1) women will continue to run 10–20% slower than men, (2) 9.50 s over 100 m dash may only be broken at the end of this century and (3) several middle- and long-distance records may be broken within the next two to three decades. The prospects of witnessing a sub-2 hour marathon before 2100 remain inconclusive. Our results should be interpreted cautiously as forecasting human behaviour is intrinsically uncertain. The future season-best sprint and distance running performances will continue to scatter around the trends identified here and may yield unexpected improvements of standing world records.  相似文献   

英国开放大学的办学特色浅探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

易红郡 《黑龙江高教研究》2002,(2):123-125

开放大学是英国高等教育中的一种创举，它不仅为英国高等教育的大众化提供了新的进程，而且为世界远程教育的发展作出了重要贡献。本主要探讨了英国开放大学的办学特色，以期为我国高等学校远程教育的发展提供一些有益的借鉴。  相似文献   

浅议大学管理者应确立的办学理念     

姚宜新 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,32(6):119-123

观念是行动的先导。先进的办学理念对校外是一面旗帜,对校内是一个纲领。面对高等教育新的形势,大学管理者必须与时俱进,确立以人为本理念、经营学校理念、内涵优先理念、特色理念和国际化理念,并使之成为大学管理者一项高度自觉的治校行动。  相似文献   

将市场的观念引入高校办学机制     

孙庆群  马秋菊 《黑龙江高教研究》2002,(6):144-145

21世纪的高等教育面临着很多的机遇和挑战，新的人才市场形势给高校提出了更高的要求，要想使培养出来的毕业生真正满足社会的需要，必须首先了解社会，以市场为导向，树立新的办学理念，将“市场的观念”引入高校办学机制。  相似文献