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981.
In the defence industry the recent development of a ‘market for technology’, the creation of new European high-technology companies as well as transformations in government agencies have driven firms to reposition their technological and organizational skills. Our objective is to show that the transformations that have occurred in the past 10 years have not only redefined skills and the organization of production, but also have given a more strategic place to knowledge management (KM) practices. We provide a contextual and historical overview based on qualitative interviews, in order to better understand the relation between KM and innovative behaviour in this industry. We build an original industrial and technological database comprising various samples that provides quantitative information concerning KM and innovative practices. The results of the statistical analysis reveal the specificity of firms in this industry. Taking account of the size of these firms and their technological intensity, we show that the behaviour of defence industry firms in terms of KM practices, differs from that of other firms. This is evident from their technological performance, and innovation and patenting intensity. This structural tendency is explained as an innovative behaviour in the French national innovation system rather than merely a ‘trend’. 相似文献
982.
Martin Heidenreich 《Research Policy》2009,38(3):483-494
Does a specific innovation pattern of low- and medium-low-technology (LMT) industries exist, and if so, can this pattern be the basis for autonomous, economically successful development? This study based on Fourth Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) data finds, as predicted by Pavitt [Pavitt, K., 1984. Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy 13, 343-373], that LMT industries are characterised by process, organisational and marketing innovations, by weak internal innovation capabilities and by strong dependencies on the external provision of machines, equipment and software. Suppliers are the most important source for their information and knowledge. On the one hand, firms in LMT industries are an essential pillar of advanced industrial regions. On the other hand, an alternative growth path-based predominantly on LMT industries does not appear to exist. LMT industries are shrinking in Western Europe and companies in these industries are relocating to Eastern Europe. In general, regions with a high proportion of LMT industries have a lower gross domestic product, though so do regions with high proportions of high- and medium-high-technology industries. The economic potential of regions specialised in knowledge-intensive services and characterised by high employment rates and qualified employees is higher than that of industrial regions. 相似文献
983.
Even when innovators know they are working with a potential breakthrough innovation, they face formidable difficulties in assessing the exact ways it will be innovative as well as deviant in regard to extant systems, business and practices. This finding emerges from our case study that spans the 40-year history of an ongoing and by now potentially radical innovation in automated and miniaturized liquid processing. We analyze the changes in the system-to-be and its relationship to its future contexts throughout this period and show how the developers were able to reliably predict technical compatibility, the outcome, the interface points and effects towards the intended environment only some distance ahead. This ‘fog of innovation’ presents a management challenge not duly met by instruments available in innovation literature. 相似文献
984.
Amanda H. Goodall 《Research Policy》2009,38(7):1079-1092
There is a large literature on the productivity of universities. Little is known, however, about how different types of leader affect a university's later performance. To address this, I blend quantitative and qualitative evidence. By constructing a new longitudinal dataset, I find that on average the research quality of a university improves some years after it appoints a president (vice chancellor) who is an accomplished scholar. To try to explain why scholar-leaders might improve the research performance of their institutions, I draw from interview data with 26 heads in universities in the United States and United Kingdom. The findings have policy implications for governments, universities, and a range of research and knowledge-intensive organizations. 相似文献
985.
Factors influencing intention to use e-government services among citizens in Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ooh Kim LeanAuthor Vitae Suhaiza ZailaniT. RamayahAuthor Vitae Yudi FernandoAuthor Vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2009
This study is an exploratory study on the e-government in Malaysia. With the liberalization and globalization, Internet has been used as a medium of transaction in almost all aspects of human living. This study investigates the factors that influencing the intention to use e-government service among Malaysians. This study integrates constructs from the models of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) which been moderated by culture factor and Trust model with five dimensions. The study was conducted by surveying a broad diversity of citizens in Malaysia community. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 195 respondents but only 150 of the respondents with complete answers participating in the study. The result of the analysis showed that trust, perceived usefulness, perceived relative advantage and perceived image, respectively, has a direct positive significant relationship towards intention to use e-government service and perceived complexity has a significant negative relationship towards intention to use e-government service. While perceived strength of online privacy and perceived strength of non-repudiation have a positive impact on a citizen's trust to use e-government service. However, the uncertainty avoidance (moderating factor) used in the study has no significant effect on the relationship between the innovation factors (complexity, relative advantage and image) and intention to use e-government service. Finally in comparing the explanatory power of the entire intention based model (TAM, DOI and Trust) with the studied model, it has been found that the DOI model has a better explanatory power. 相似文献
986.
冯安命 《科技成果管理与研究》2009,(1):3-7,19
本文叙述了比利时联邦政府的科技管理体系,推行的科技创新政策,并对比分析了比利时不同大区政府激励科技创新的政策和举措,为我国科技创新政策的制定与实施提供参考。 相似文献
987.
汽车金融既是汽车产业的主要赢利方式,也是金融业发展的新途径。本文利用文献研究方法,分别从汽车金融对汽车产业发展的作用机理、汽车金融服务创新模式、汽车金融服务体系建立与优化、自主品牌汽车金融等四个方面对汽车金融的研究进展进行了文献梳理和评述。研究得出了汽车金融是整合厂商、经销商和用户的复杂系统;汽车金融是专业化的创新服务体系;汽车金融存在市场风险等四点结论。而自主品牌汽车金融模式建构和汽车金融信贷信用风险的预测与防范是值得重视的研究方向。 相似文献
988.
装备制造业在技术层面上决定了众多产业的竞争力和发展水平,而大企业又是装备制造业技术创新的主导力量。本文利用1995—2008年我国装备制造业14个3位数产业的面板数据,分别考察了技术创新投入、技术创新产出与企业规模之间的关系,主要结论为:(1)R&D经费支出、研发人员全时当量与企业规模之间表现为显著的倒U型关系;(2)新产品销售收入与企业规模之间呈现显著的倒U型关系,而以专利度量的创新产出与企业规模之间的关系并不明显;(3)市场结构对技术创新投入的影响并不明显,而市场结构与技术创新产出之间表现为显著的倒U型关系;(4)不论是对技术创新投入还是产出,国有企业比重都表现出显著的正效应。 相似文献
989.
在《美国创新战略》中,美国发起的清洁能源革命将进一步强化美国的技术领先优势,加剧已非常激烈的新能源竞争;知识产权政策将使中美知识产权纠纷进一步升级,并逐步成为中美贸易平衡问题的"新借口"和美国"敲打"中国的新手段;新的《横向并购指南》扩大了执法机构的自由裁量权,增加了中国企业在美开展并购活动的不确定性;国内外市场准入制度帮助美国企业扩大在中国的市场份额,并限制中国高技术产品的出口。为此,中国应加强对《美国创新战略》实施影响的应对部署,加强对美国创新政策的研究以争取主动权,加强对WTO研发补贴、创新政策等相关规则的研究。 相似文献
990.