学校武术教育百年的演进逻辑与文化反思     

李源  赵连文  梁勤超 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(6):110-115

摘要：学校作为中国武术文化传承的重要场域，一直备受学者关注。本文以我国学校武术教育为研究对象，运用文献资料法、访谈法、历史研究法等探源我国学校武术教育的形成模式，梳理学校武术教育百年的演进逻辑，并对学校武术教育存在的问题进行了学理上的反思，以期为今后学校武术教育发展的顶层设计提供借鉴。研究认为：我国学校武术教育是一种“后发内生”的发展模式；其百年的演进逻辑表现为：从“武体分离”到“以武入体”的“体育化”演进；从“强种卫国”到“文化传承”的民族主义演进；从“由拳入操”到“段位入校”的“套路化”演进；从“以武强身”到“武以成人”的“身体化”演进。学校武术教育“体育化”的发展逻辑使其丧失了自主性独立发展的生存空间；学校武术教育“套路化”演进消解了武术作为传统文化载体和技击表征的意义；学校武术教育应当承担起武术“拳种”传承的功能，实现对学生“武以成人”的终极教化。  相似文献   

体育院校高水平运动队成员关系对团队冲突的影响     

石继章  董传升  曾丞 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(9):76-81+90

摘要：近些年来，团队成员关系变化对团队冲突影响越来越多，相关问题也得到了学者们的热切关注。体育团队作为较为特殊的团队形式具有与常规团队区别的差异特征，团队成员关系与团队冲突的关系更加值得深入探讨。本研究目的在于：通过对团队成员关系的阐述，解释成员关系特征对团队冲突的影响，由此找到合理激发任务冲突、控制关系冲突和任务冲突向关系冲突转化的办法，为提升体育团队绩效提供支持。为此，运用文献分析法、问卷调查法、案例分析法等研究方法，以沈阳体育学院板球院队为测量对象，研究了体育院校高水平运动队成员关系对对团队冲突的影响。通过研究，结果表明：1）体育院校高水平运动团队成员关系深刻影响着团队冲突，一般说来，团队成员关系越亲密，团队冲突就越少；2）团队成员工具性关系对团队冲突没有影响；3）团队成员情感关系对冲突具有积极的影响作用，成员关系越亲密，团队冲突就越少；4）关键事件通过影响团队成员关系来深刻影响团队冲突。  相似文献   

Is there really an eccentric action of the hamstrings during the swing phase of high-speed running? part I: A critical review of the literature     

Bas Van Hooren  Frans Bosch 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2313-2321

It is widely assumed that there is an eccentric hamstring muscle fibre action during the swing phase of high-speed running. However, animal and modelling studies in humans show that the increasing distance between musculotendinous attachment points during forward swing is primarily due to passive lengthening associated with the take-up of muscle slack. Later in the swing phase, the contractile element (CE) maintains a near isometric action while the series elastic (tendinous) element first stretches as the knee extends, and then recoils causing the swing leg to forcefully retract prior to ground contact. Although modelling studies showed some active lengthening of the contractile (muscular) element during the mid-swing phase of high-speed running, we argue that the increasing distance between the attachment points should not be interpreted as an eccentric action of the CE due to the effects of muscle slack. Therefore, there may actually be no significant eccentric, but rather predominantly an isometric action of the hamstrings CE during the swing phase of high-speed running when the attachment points of the hamstrings are moving apart. Based on this, we propose that isometric rather than eccentric exercises are a more specific way of conditioning the hamstrings for high-speed running.  相似文献   

Resilience and psychopathology among victimized youth in residential care     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

This study examines the role of several resilience resources in the relationship between lifetime victimization and mental health problems among adolescents in care. The sample comprised 127 adolescents (53.% females, aged 12–17 years) from residential care facilities in Catalonia, Spain. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, the Youth Self-Report, and the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire were used to assess victimization, psychological symptoms, and resilience respectively. Results indicated that poly-victimization was associated with fewer resources, and with an increased risk of mental health problems. Self-resources mediated the relationship between victimization and internalizing and externalizing symptoms; community support mediated the relationship between victimization and internalizing symptoms. Self, school and peer support moderated the relationship between victimization and externalizing symptoms. Adolescents with fewer self-resources and less school support reported more externalizing symptoms, as did those with more peer support. However, poly-victimized youths reported symptoms within the clinical range, regardless of their level of resources. The findings stress the importance of preventing poly-victimization and of empowering poly-victimized adolescents, who appear to present low levels of resources. Researchers and clinicians should continue to study the poly-victimization/psychopathology relationship, and also design interventions and prevention programs which incorporate the most relevant resilience resources.  相似文献   

Exercise but not metformin improves health-related quality of life and mood states in older adults with type 2 diabetes     

Liliana C. Baptista  Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues  Raul A. Martins 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(6):794-804

The aim of this cohort study is to analyse the effect of three types of treatment: (i) exercise training with multicomponent exercise (E); (ii) pharmacologic treatment with oral hypoglycaemic drug – metformin (M); and (iii) a combined therapy – exercise and metformin (E?+?M) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mood states in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with comorbidity in an early stage of the disease. Participants (n?=?284) underwent 1 of the following 3 conditions: (i) E (n?=?59) trained three times/week; (ii) M (n?=?30) used 850?mg of metformin twice daily; and (iii) E?+?M (n?=?195) combined exercise and metformin. Furthermore, participants completed baseline and 2-year follow-up evaluations including a Shortform Health Survey 36, Profile of Mood States – Short-form, the health history questionnaires, anthropometric, and blood biochemistry. E and E?+?M revealed improved mood states, with large effect size on the vigour domain, and moderate effect size in the anger and total mood disturbance (TMD) domains (P?<?0.05), in comparison with the M group. After 24 months’ intervention, the E and E?+?M groups perceived better physical and mental HRQoL than the M group. The M group unchanged HRQoL domains (P?>?0.05). Metformin had no significant effect on the self-referred HRQoL in T2D participants aged above 60 years, in an early stage of the disease. The E and E?+?M were the most effective long-term therapies to improve mood states and HRQoL in older adults with T2D.  相似文献   

甲烷水对一次性力竭运动所致大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用     

王茜  辛磊  陈笑欢  胡静芸  娄淑杰 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(7):43-48

摘要：目的：观察灌服甲烷水对一次性力竭运动所致大鼠心肌缺血性损伤、心脏组织内氧化应激和炎症因子的影响，探讨其对运动性心肌损伤产生保护作用的可能机制。方法：24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为安静对照组（C组）、运动对照组（EP组）、运动甲烷水组（EM组）。EP组和EM组分别于运动前30 min灌服蒸馏水和甲烷水，之后进行一次性力竭跑台运动。采用化学比色法、ELISA和Luminex xMAP?技术（液态悬浮芯片技术）检测大鼠血清和心肌中生化指标。结果：1）EM组较EP组运动时间显著延长（P<0.01）。2）与C组比较，EP组大鼠血清中IL-1β、IL-6含量极显著升高（P<0.01），心肌eNOS水平显著降低，MDA含量显著升高（P<0.05），3-NT含量极显著性升高（P<0.01）；与EP组比较，EM组血清中cTnI水平显著上升，IL-1β、IL-6含量显著下降（P<0.05），大鼠心肌eNOS水平显著升高（P<0.05），SOD活性、T-AOC含量极显著上升（P<0.01），MDA含量、3-NT含量显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：灌服甲烷水提高大鼠运动能力，可能是通过增加心肌eNOS水平，催化NO生成，舒张血管；提高心肌抗氧化能力，改善大鼠心肌氧化应激损伤，从而对运动性心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤特征与风险因素筛查     

吴放  陈效科 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(7):56-62

摘要：目的：掌握北京市男子大学生足球运动员运动损伤的流行情况，对导致运动损伤发生的风险因素进行筛查，为进一步预防男子大学生足球运动损伤的发生提供依据。方法：应用方便分层抽样的方法，对参加北京市男子大学生足球联赛甲、乙、丙组的14所高校249名在校大学生足球运动员的损伤情况进行调查，应用T检验、单因素χ2检验与二元非条件logistic回归模型进行分析。结果与结论：充分了解了北京市男子大学生足球运动员的运动损伤现状和特征；筛查出为运动损伤发生的主要的风险因素；错误的技术动作、对手的粗野动作导致损伤发生的主要诱发事件。  相似文献   

运动对RBP4诱导的脂代谢异常鼠肝脏ACC1 表达和脂肪合成的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张明军 《河北体育学院学报》2017,31(1):54-59

目的:研究运动对RBP4诱导的脂代谢异常鼠肝脏ACC1表达和脂肪合成的影响.方法:重组人RBP4注射建立脂代谢异常鼠模型.设一次性运动组(RBP4 One-time exercise group,ROE 组)、8周有氧运动组(RBP4 aerobic exercise group,RAE组)和安静对照组(RBP4 control group,RC组).结果:ROE组血清RBP4水平与RC组相比显著降低(P＜0.05),血清TG和肝脏TG含量无显著改变(P＞0.05).RAE组血清RBP4、TG和肝脏TG含量与RC组和ROE组相比均显著降低(P＜0.01).与RC组相比,ROE组和RAE组肝脏ACC1mRNA表达均显著降低(P＜0.01).与RC组相比,ROE组ACC1蛋白表达无显著改变(P＞0.05).与RC组和ROE组相比,RAE组ACC1蛋白表达均显著降低(P＜0.01).结论:高RBP4显著增加小鼠肝脏ACC1基因和蛋白表达增加,促进肝脏脂肪合成.8周有氧运动抑制了RBP4在肝脏的脂肪合成促进作用,改善脂代谢,机制涉及降低RBP4水平、减少肝脏ACC1基因和蛋白表达以及TG的合成.  相似文献   

The Yearning Words-A Mirror of Culture between Chinese and Western Countries     

MENG Rui 《海外英语》2013,(8)

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Sexual dimorphism in bone–muscle relationship in young adults     

Vera Zymbal  Kathleen F. Janz  Fátima Baptista 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2433-2438

The purpose of this study was to analyse associations between lean soft tissue (LST), a surrogate of skeletal muscle mass and key fracture-related geometric characteristics of the proximal femur. Moreover, we examined the role that muscle played on the proximal femur geometry in response to physical activity (PA). Participants were 83 young adults. Leg LST (exposure) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Proximal femur geometry was derived from a left hip DXA scan. Geometric variables (outcomes) included the femoral neck axis length (FNAL), the femoral neck width (FNW), the neck–shaft angle and FNW|FNAL (an index of robustness). PA was evaluated by accelerometry. Linear regression was used to analyse relationships. Additional exposure variables included body height and mass. In males, leg LST explained 17.4% of variation in FNAL (P < 0.001) and 15% in FNW (P = 0.015). In females, it explained 8.8% of the variance in FNAL (P = 0.020). Associations remained significant in males, but not in females, when vigorous PA was added to the models. These results suggest that public health approaches to promote PA may be particularly important in females since vigorous PA seems to convey advantages in femur geometry and consequently in bone strength.  相似文献